scholarly journals Cometin is a novel neurotrophic factor that promotes neurite outgrowth and neuroblast migration in vitro and supports survival of spiral ganglion neurons in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Roland Jørgensen ◽  
Anette Fransson ◽  
Lone Fjord-Larsen ◽  
Lachlan H. Thompson ◽  
Jeffrey P. Houchins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Neuroblast Migration ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Improves Neurite Outgrowth from Spiral Ganglion Neurons In Vitro through a cGMP-Dependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fei Sun ◽  
Ke Zhou ◽  
Ke-yong Tian ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jian-hua Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the primary afferent neurons in the spiral ganglion (SG), while their degeneration or loss would cause sensorineural hearing loss. As a cardiac-derived hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis through binding to its functional receptors (NPR-A and NPR-C). ANP and its receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian nervous system where they could be implicated in the regulation of multiple neural functions. Although previous studies have provided direct evidence for the presence of ANP and its functional receptors in the inner ear, their presence within the cochlear SG and their regulatory roles during auditory neurotransmission and development remain largely unknown. Based on our previous findings, we investigated the expression patterns of ANP and its receptors in the cochlear SG and dissociated SGNs and determined the influence of ANP on neurite outgrowth in vitro by using organotypic SG explants and dissociated SGN cultures from postnatal rats. We have demonstrated that ANP and its receptors are expressed in neurons within the cochlear SG of postnatal rat, while ANP may promote neurite outgrowth of SGNs via the NPR-A/cGMP/PKG pathway in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that ANP would play a role in normal neuritogenesis of SGN during cochlear development and represents a potential therapeutic candidate to enhance regeneration and regrowth of SGN neurites.

scholarly journals Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Survival of Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons in vitro Through NPR-A/cGMP/PKG Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Sun ◽  
Ke Zhou ◽  
Ke-yong Tian ◽  
Xin-yu Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Neuronal Survival ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a dominant public health issue affecting millions of people around the globe, which is correlated with the irreversible deterioration of the hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) within the cochlea. Strategies using bioactive molecules that regulate neurite regeneration and neuronal survival to reestablish connections between auditory epithelium or implanted electrodes and SGN neurites would become attractive therapeutic candidates for SNHL. As an intracellular second messenger, cyclic guanosine-3’,5’-monophosphate (cGMP) can be synthesized through activation of particulate guanylate cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor by natriuretic peptides, which in turn modulates multiple aspects of neuronal functions including neuronal development and neuronal survival. As a cardiac-derived hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and its specific receptors (NPR-A and NPR-C) are broadly expressed in the nervous system where they might be involved in the maintenance of diverse neural functions. Despite former literatures and our reports indicating the existence of ANP and its receptors within the inner ear, particularly in the spiral ganglion, their potential regulatory mechanisms underlying functional properties of auditory neurons are still incompletely understood. Our recently published investigation revealed that ANP could promote the neurite outgrowth of SGNs by activating NPR-A/cGMP/PKG cascade in a dose-dependent manner. In the present research, the influence of ANP and its receptor-mediated downstream signaling pathways on neurite outgrowth, neurite attraction, and neuronal survival of SGNs in vitro was evaluated by employing cultures of organotypic explant and dissociated neuron from postnatal rats. Our data indicated that ANP could support and attract neurite outgrowth of SGNs and possess a high capacity to improve neuronal survival of SGNs against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by triggering the NPR-A/cGMP/PKG pathway. The neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP/PKG-dependent signaling on SGNs would represent an attractive therapeutic candidate for hearing impairment.

Inhibition of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway Influences Neurite Outgrowth of Spiral Ganglion Neurons In Vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bodmer ◽  
Bertrand Gloddek ◽  
Allen F. Ryan ◽  
Jochen Huverstuhl ◽  
Dominik Brors
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Kinase Signaling ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Kinase Signaling Pathway

Artemin improves survival of spiral ganglion neurons in vivo and in vitro

Neuroreport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia Warnecke ◽  
Verena Scheper ◽  
Ines Buhr ◽  
Gentiana I. Wenzel ◽  
Kirsten Wissel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals Potentiation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Induced Protection of Spiral Ganglion Neurons by C3 Exoenzyme/Rho Inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Harre ◽  
Laura Heinkele ◽  
Melanie Steffens ◽  
Athanasia Warnecke ◽  
Thomas Lenarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
C3 Exoenzyme ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Preservation of the excitability of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) may contribute to an improved speech perception after cochlear implantation. Thus, the application of exogenous neurotrophic factors such as the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to increase SGN survival in vitro and in vivo is a promising pharmacological approach in cochlear implant (CI) research. Due to the difficult pharmacokinetic profile of proteins such as BDNF, there is a quest for small molecules to mediate the survival of SGN or to increase the efficacy of BDNF. The C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum could be a potential new candidate for the protection and regeneration of SGN. Inhibition of the RhoA GTPase pathway which can be mediated by C3 is described as a promising strategy to enhance axonal regeneration and to exert pro-survival signals in neurons. Nanomolar concentrations of C3, its enzymatically inactive form C3E174Q, and a 26mer C-terminal peptide fragment covering amino acid 156–181 (C3156-181) potentiated the neuroprotective effect on SGN mediated by BDNF in vitro. The neuroprotective effect of C3/BDNF was reduced to the neuroprotective effect of BDNF alone after the treatment with wortmannin, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K).The exoenzyme C3 (wild-type and enzyme-deficient) and the C3 peptide fragment C3154–181 present novel biologically active compounds for the protection of the SGN. The exact underlying intracellular mechanisms that mediate the neuroprotective effect are not clarified yet, but the combination of BDNF (TrkB stimulation) and C3 exoenzyme (RhoA inhibition) can be used to protect SGN in vitro.

scholarly journals Pleiotrophin modulates neurite outgrowth of spiral ganglion neurons in vitro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Volkenstein ◽  
S Bertram ◽  
L Roll ◽  
J Reinhard ◽  
A Faissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Human Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Improves Survival and Neurite Outgrowth of Spiral Ganglion Neurons In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stolle ◽  
Jennifer Schulze ◽  
Ariane Roemer ◽  
Thomas Lenarz ◽  
Martin Durisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals Ouabain-Induced Apoptosis in Cochlear Hair Cells and Spiral Ganglion NeuronsIn Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Fu ◽  
Dalian Ding ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Haiyan Jiang ◽  
Richard Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neuron ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Ouabain is a common tool to explore the pathophysiological changes in adult mammalian cochleain vivo. In prior studies, locally administering ouabain via round window membrane demonstrated that the ototoxic effects of ouabainin vivovaried among mammalian species. Little is known about the ototoxic effectsin vitro. Thus, we prepared cochlear organotypic cultures from postnatal day-3 rats and treated these cultures with ouabain at 50, 500, and 1000 μM for different time to elucidate the ototoxic effects of ouabainin vitroand to provide insights that could explain the comparative ototoxic effects of ouabainin vivo. Degeneration of cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons was evaluated by hair-cell staining and neurofilament labeling, respectively. Annexin V staining was used to detect apoptotic cells. A quantitative RT-PCR apoptosis-focused gene array determined changes in apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that ouabain-induced damagein vitrowas dose and time dependent. 500 μM ouabain and 1000 μM ouabain were destructively traumatic to both spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear hair cells in an apoptotic signal-dependent pathway. The major apoptotic pathways in ouabain-induced spiral ganglion neuron apoptosis culminated in the stimulation of the p53 pathway and triggering of apoptosis by a network of proapoptotic signaling pathways.

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