Genetic variation and environmental effects on agronomical and commercial quality traits in the main European market classes of dry bean

Canning quality traits of dry bean are affected by both the genotype and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype, environment and the genotype × environment interaction on canning quality traits of selected navy bean, black bean and pinto bean cultivars. Three cultivars each of navy bean and black bean and two cultivars of pinto bean were grown at several sites across Saskatchewan in the summer of 1995 and 1996. Dry bean seed samples from five sites for navy bean, four sites for black bean and six sites for pinto bean grown over 2 yr were evaluated for canning quality traits using a modified laboratory canning protocol. The cultivar effect was significant for most canning quality traits in all three bean classes. For most canning quality traits, the cultivar × year × site interaction variance predominated over the corresponding cultivar × year or cultivar × site variances and, hence, the first order interactions were considered relatively unimportant. The occurrence of early fall frost at several sites resulted in frost-damaged seed, which affected both the genetic and environmental effects on the canning quality traits. Identification of cultivar × site interactions for a few canning quality traits does not justify dividing the province into subareas for breeding and testing purposes. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, common bean, genotype, environment, canning quality

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Mhc polymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2009.0435 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 784-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Camille Bonneaud ◽

Janet S. Sinsheimer ◽

Murielle Richard ◽

Olivier Chastel ◽

Gabriele Sorci

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

House Sparrows ◽

Additive Genetic Variation ◽

Significant Heritability ◽

Mhc Polymorphisms

Genetic estimates of the variability of immune responses are rarely examined in natural populations because of confounding environmental effects. As a result, and because of the difficulty of pinpointing the genetic determinants of immunity, no study has to our knowledge examined the contribution of specific genes to the heritability of an immune response in wild populations. We cross-fostered nestling house sparrows to disrupt the association between genetic and environmental effects and determine the heritability of the response to a classic immunological test, the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced skin swelling. We detected significant heritability estimates of the response to PHA, of body mass and tarsus length when nestlings were 5 and 10 days old. Variation at Mhc genes, however, did not explain a significant portion of the genetic variation of nestling swelling to PHA. Our results suggest that while PHA-induced swelling is influenced by the nest of origin, the importance of additive genetic variation relative to non-additive genetic variation and the genetic factors that influence the former in wild populations still need to be identified for this trait.

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Genetic Variability for Yield and Nutritional Quality in Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus sp.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci10686-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1079-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rolland Agaba ◽

Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽

Patrick Rubaihayo ◽

Silver Tumwegamire ◽

Andrew Ssenyonjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Coefficients Of Variation

The amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability that exists in a species is important for selection and initiating breeding programs. Yam bean is grown locally in tropical countries of the Americas and Asia for their tasty storage roots, which usually have low dry matter content. The crop was recently introduced in Uganda and other East and Central African countries to supplement iron (Fe) and protein content in diets. This study aimed to estimate genetic variability for root yield and quality traits among 26 yam bean accessions in Uganda. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications across two ecogeographical locations and two seasons during 2012 and 2013. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine quality of storage root samples. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all traits except root protein, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus contents. Genotypic variance components () were significant for storage root fresh yield (SRFY), storage root dry matter (SRDM), storage root dry yield (SRDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), and storage root starch (STA) and Fe contents. For traits with significant the broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 58.4% for SRDY to 83.6% for FBY; and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (66%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (60.5%), and FBY (59%), but low to medium for SRDM (22.6%), STA (15.1%), and Fe (21.3%). Similarly, the genotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (56.7%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (55%), and FBY (53.9%); and low for SRDM (20%), STA (12.4%), and Fe (17.8%). There were strong positive correlations between SRFY and both SRDY (r = 0.926) and FBY (r = 0.962), but low-to-moderate correlations among quality traits. It should be possible to breed for high dry matter yam beans by using low dry matter accessions due to the observed genetic variation ( = 9.3%2), which is important if the high dry matter Pachyrhizus tuberosus accessions (known as chuin) from Peru cannot be accessed. This study indicated substantial genetic variation for yield and quality traits in yam bean, demonstrating potential for adaptability to growing conditions and consumer needs in East and Central Africa and for genetic improvement through selection.

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Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 4. Genetic parameters for first-cross animal performance

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06368 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 839 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. M. Ingham ◽

N. M. Fogarty ◽

A. R. Gilmour ◽

R. A. Afolayan ◽

L. J. Cummins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Mixed Models ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Meat Quality Traits ◽

Lamb Growth

The study estimated heritability for lamb growth and carcass performance, hogget ewe wool production, and worm egg count among crossbred progeny of maternal breed sires, as well as the genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits. The data were from crossbred progeny of 91 sires from maternal breeds including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester. The sires were mated to Merino ewes at 3 sites over 3 years (and also Corriedale ewes at one site), with 3 common sires used at each site and year to provide genetic links. These sheep comprised part of the national maternal sire central progeny test program (MCPT) to evaluate the genetic variation for economically important production traits in progeny of maternal and dual-purpose (meat and wool) sires and the scope for genetic improvement. The matings resulted in 7846 first-cross lambs born, with 2964 wether lambs slaughtered at an average age of 214 days, and wool data from 2795 hogget ewes. Data were analysed using univariate mixed models containing fixed effects for site, year, sex and type of birth and rearing, dam source and sire breed, and random terms for sire and dam effects. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated based on variances from progeny of 70 sires by fitting the same mixed models using a REML procedure in univariate and multivariate analyses. Estimates of heritability were low for lamb growth traits (0.07–0.29), meat colour and meat pH (0.10–0.23), and faecal worm egg count (0.10), moderate for carcass fat and muscle traits (0.32–0.47), and moderate to high for wool traits (0.36–0.55). Estimates of direct genetic correlations among liveweights at various ages were high and positive (0.41–0.77) and those between liveweights and most carcass and meat quality traits were small and varied in sign. Liveweights were moderately to highly positively correlated with most wool traits, except fibre diameter (–0.28–0.08). The study indicates that there is genetic variation for wool, growth, carcass, and meat quality traits, as well as for faecal worm egg count, with scope for selection within Australian maternal sire breeds of sheep.

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Tocopherol Concentration in Almond Oil: Genetic Variation and Environmental Effects under Warm Conditions

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf200323c ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 6137-6141 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ossama Kodad ◽

Gloria Estopañán ◽

Teresa Juan ◽

Ali Mamouni ◽

Rafel Socias i Company

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Tocopherol Concentration ◽

Almond Oil

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Genetic variation for carcass quality traits in cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Aquatic Living Resources ◽

10.1051/alr/2009010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Eric Saillant ◽

Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽

Marie Sabourault ◽

Pierrick Haffray ◽

Stanislas Laureau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Quality Traits

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The choice of the environmental covariate affects the power to detect variation in reaction norm slopes

10.1101/311217 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Phillip Gienapp

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Reaction Norm ◽

Environmental Variable ◽

Negative Results ◽

Environmental Driver ◽

The Mean ◽

Evolutionary Consequences ◽

Biased Estimates

AbstractMany traits are phenotypically plastic, i.e. the same genotype expresses different phenotypes depending on the environment. Individuals and genotypes can vary in this response to the environment and this individual (IxE) and genetic variation in reaction norm slopes (GxE) can have important ecological or evolutionary consequences. Studies on variation in plasticity often fail to show IxE or GxE; this can indicate a genuine absence or simply a lack of power. There is, however, another factor that could potentially affect the power to detect IxE or GxE: the choice of the environmental variable included in the analysis. Identifying the genuine environmental driver of phenotypic plasticity will mostly be impossible and hence only a proxy is included in the analysis. However, if this proxy is too weakly correlated with the real driver of plasticity, this will bias IxE and GxE downwards, could lead to spurious negative results and invalid conclusions. As the mean phenotype in a given environment captures all environmental effects on the phenotype, using it as ‘environment’ in the analysis should increase the power to detect IxE or GxE. Using simulations I here showed that using weakly correlated proxies indeed biased estimates downwards but that when using the environment-specific means this was not the case. Using environment-specific means as a covariate has been commonly used in animal and plant breeding but rarely used outside these fields despite its potential usefulness as ‘yardstick’ to test whether IxE or GxE is present or absent in the phenotype of interest.

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