Factors affecting the operational interaction between the South American sea lions and the artisan gillnet fishery in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Sepúlveda ◽  
Tamara Martínez ◽  
Doris Oliva ◽  
Pablo Couve ◽  
Guido Pavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sea Lions

First observations of operational interactions between bottom-trawling fisheries and South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens in south-central Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Reyes ◽  
Rodrigo Hucke-Gaete ◽  
Juan Pablo Torres-Florez
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Otaria Flavescens ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
South American Sea Lion ◽  
South Central ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Working Day

This paper presents results of a study conducted on the trawling industrial fishery fleet of Merluccius gayi in south-central Chile, and the resulting interactions with the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). This study is based on observations made during September 2004, when incidental sea lion catch in the trawls was 6.3 sea lions/working day (1.2 sea lions/trawl−1). A total of 82 animals were incidentally caught, of which 12 were found dead, and the 70 remaining suffered from internal bleeding and/or fractures as a result of their capture. 83.3% of the fatalities occurred during nocturnal trawls, which comprise 30% of all observed trawls. Possible mechanisms of sea lion take are discussed. This note presents the first records of sea lions incidental by-catch by the trawler fleet along the south-east Pacific coast of Chile.

scholarly journals Interactions between the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and the artisanal fishery off Coquimbo, northern Chile

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Goetz ◽  
Matthias Wolff ◽  
Wolfgang Stotz ◽  
Mario J. Villegas
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Artisanal Fishery ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Otaria Flavescens ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
South American Sea Lion ◽  
Fishing Vessels

Abstract Goetz, S., Wolff, M., Stotz, W., and Villegas, M. J. 2008. Interactions between the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) and the artisanal fishery off Coquimbo, northern Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1739–1746. The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) forages in coastal waters, where it interacts with fisheries and causes considerable economic loss by removing some catch and damaging gear. This study describes for the fishery region of Coquimbo (Chile) where, when, and with what type of gear interactions occur, characterizes the animals involved (group size, sex, and age), and derives some management recommendations. The study was based on 55 interviews with fishers and observations aboard fishing vessels in the main fishing sectors between October 2003 and March 2004. Interactions were primarily at night (88% of interviewees fished at night), in the bay (“Bahía”) of Coquimbo (81% of interviewees fished in this sector), where shoaling fish were abundant, and with purse-seines (100% of interviewees used this gear). Although some large groups of sea lions were seen, most comprised 1–10 animals. Most animals that interacted with the fishing gear were males (67%), probably because of the different feeding strategies of the two sexes. Management options discussed include the adjustment of fisheries to foraging behaviour of sea lions, and the controlled elimination of conflicting animals.

scholarly journals Fishers' perception of the interaction between the South American sea lions and the Chinook salmon fishery in southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sanguinetti ◽  
B. Cid-Aguayo ◽  
A. Guerrero ◽  
M. Durán ◽  
D. Gomez-Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Attack Behavior ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe studied how the South American sea lion (SASL, Otaria flavescens) interacts with the operation of an artisanal fishery of Chinook salmon, a non-native species in Chile, using a combination of biological and social approaches, including a valuation by fishers about this interaction. During austral summer of 2019, an observer onboard artisanal fishing boats characterized the attack behavior of SASLs to gillnet-captured Chinook salmon during 33 hauls and analyzed which factors may affect the intensity of attacks. To analyze the relationship between fishers and SASLs, a Likert scale about the perception and views about nature was applied. A total of 23 interviews—including 35 open and 16 closed questions—with fishers were conducted to describe how they perceived the interactions with SASLs. Interactions with SASLs were recorded in 35% of the fishing events and varied depending on both operational factors, such as the number of boats, as well as environmental factors, such as moon’s luminosity. Even though SASL interactions resulted in seven fish (~ 70 kg) damaged of a total catch of 2815 kg (2.5%) during the survey, boats with a damaged catch by SASL lost up to 11% of their revenue. This is consistent with 87% of the interviewed fishers who considered that the conflict with the SASL negatively impacts their activity and results in economic losses. A negative perception towards SASLs likely results from personal experience and revenue loss, even though impacts of SASL interactions at the scale of the entire fishery may be less important. While older fishers with less formal education have a productivist and instrumental focus, younger fishers with a more sustainable and conservationist view of fishing offer an opportunity to lead an improved local understanding of the relationship between salmon, SASLs, and humans.

Maternal aggression in the South American fur seal in Peru

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Female Aggression ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Maternal Defense ◽  
Pup Mortality

Maternal aggression was examined with regard to its role in maternal defense of offspring in the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W). Female fur seals' responses to conspecifics and to predatory southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were examined pre- and post-partum. Although the defense of offspring from predators may be expected to be a major component of maternal care, mothers rarely defended their offspring from raiding sea lions, possibly due to the high risks involved in attacking a large and potentially very dangerous predator. The costs of defending the pup from sea lions appeared to outweigh the potential benefit of increased survival of the pup, due to the already high pup mortality at the site. Maternal defense from conspecifics may also be a possible function of female aggression. Females with newborn pups were more aggressive towards other females than were females without pups, particularly during the perinatal attendance period. They threatened a higher proportion of approaching females and won more aggressive encounters postpartum. However, mothers of surviving pups did not appear to be any more aggressive, their pups did not receive any fewer threats from unrelated females, nor did they reside in areas of less aggression, than mothers whose pups died. Aggression towards male conspecifics appeared to serve a further purpose, as females threatened approaching adult and subadult males regardless of whether the females had a pup. Unlike colonially breeding phocid pinnipeds, there seems to be no correlation between increased maternal aggression and neonate survival in the South American fur seal. This may be because females have to leave their offspring to forage when the offspring are still vulnerable to attack by unrelated conspecifics. Alternatively, maternal aggression may have been subjected to such intense selection that although it is responsible for increased pup mortality at the site, there is insufficient variability to measure differential consequences.

Cnidochloa: A New Genus of Grasses from Brazil (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Fernando O. Zuloaga ◽  
Sandra S. Aliscioni ◽  
M. Amalia Scataglini
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

Generic boundaries of the South American species Panicum longipedicellatum Swallen are explored and compared with allied genera of the tribe Paniceae. On the basis of morphological, anatomical, and molecular characters a new genus, Cnidochloa Zuloaga, is proposed. The phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Paniceae is evaluated.

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