Penegakan Hukum Di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (Zeei) Dalam Rangka Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia Di Bidang Kelautan

This research is classified as normative legal research. The approach used is the statute approach, legal principles, legal theories, legal concepts. The juridical approach in this research is a problem approach based on the applicable laws and regulations, while the normative approach is a problem approach that examines the law in law so that conclusions can be drawn that are logical, coherent and systematic. Case Approach with the case approach is done by examining cases related to the issue at hand, and has become a decision that has permanent legal force.The results of the study show that there is still inconsistency in law enforcement in the EEZ for fishery potential by the Indonesian Navy in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), Indonesia is based on the United Nations convention regarding the Law of the Sea in 1982 with Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning legalization. on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. Illegal fishing still occurs in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone by foreign vessels, which is caused by weak patrols in the ZEEI area and is supported by the opening of the ZEEI area, the patrol vessels are less modern to compete with foreign fishing vessels, and the fish resources that are in the ZEEI have not been exploited by Indonesian fishermen according to Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries is carried out by legal proceedings and is tried in court, and is sentenced to a sentence which is usually a fine. In the event that a prison sentence is allowed.

Monitoring the Performance of Set Longlines Fishing Vessels at Fisheries Management Area 718 Indonesia

Catches reports by set longlines fishing vessels in the 718-fisheries management area (FMA) have been entered into the logbook reporting system since 2012. These vessels targeted reef and demersal fish. Set longlines is considered to be very efficient and productive for catching reef fish. This study aims to see the performance of set longlines vessels. The indicators used are CPUE and fuel efficiency. The results of the study show that the performance of set longlines vessels in the area is getting better and more efficient. Keywords: set longlines; reef fish; CPUE; fuel; efficient Abstrak Laporan hasil tangkapan oleh kapal penangkap rawai dasar di pengelolaan perikanan (WPP) 718 telah dimasukkan ke dalam sistem pelaporan logbook sejak 2012. Kapal-kapal rawai tesebut menargetkan ikan karang dan ikan demersal. Rawai dasar dianggap sebagai alat tangkap yang sangat efisien dan produktif untuk menangkap ikan karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kinerja kapal rawai dasar. Indikator yang digunakan adalah CPUE dan efisiensi bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja kapal longline set di daerah tersebut semakin baik dan efisien. Kata kunci: rawai dasar; ikan karang; CPUE; bahan bakar; efisien

THE DESIGN OF 3 GT FISHING VESSELS USING DC ELECTRIC POWER AS DRIVING AND ELECTRICITY

The purpose of this study was to design a 3 Gross Tonnage (GT) fishing boat with a speed of 6 knots to obtain the shape and size of the vessel that is suitable for the water area that using the solar panel energy system. The ship was planned to travel about a maximum of 18 Km from the departure point. The steps of the research method for the design of fishing vessels include determining the principal size of the ship, making line drawings, drafting a general plan, construction design, ship tonnage capacity, electricity requirements, and then designing solar panel energy systems. This research resulted in a ship design with a length of 8 meters, 1.75 meters wide, and 1.3 meters high. Those specifications are used as constraints to determine the number of solar panels and batteries. To satisfy all of the goals, the 3 GT boat has limited 0.9KWh solar panels to travel for 9.7 NM (18 KM) at a speed of 6 knots, forcing daytime and night fishing fishermen to idle for 1 day. The difference is in the number of night fishing batteries that are 49% more than the daytime fishing which using 25 pcs 3.2V 100Ah. With the use of 51 pcs of battery, night fishing can move into daytime fishing so that it can fish more frequently than night fishing mode only

Situational-scenario approach to formation costs of production and technological activities of fishing vessels on voyage

Increasing the efficiency of tapping the aquatic biological resources by fishing vessels directly depends on the improvement of production and technological activities in the unpredictable field conditions. Like any production process, the production and technological activity of fishing vessels is associated with the occurrence of costs at all stages (phases) of the production process, the aggregate and structure of which depends on the fishing technological system of the fishing vessel. The stages of the production process form the main material flow, ensuring its end-to-end promotion. Its efficiency significantly affects the costs and management of field resources and should be achieved by minimizing material losses, primarily in the process of extracting raw materials. For this, it is necessary to study the field conditions in which the production and technological process takes place within the framework of the production vessel, determine their structure, variability, analyze the structure and composition of production costs at all phases of the production and technological process, develop a situational and scenario approach to the formation of production and technological activities of fishing vessels on a fishing trip. The costs arising in all subsystems (phases) and operating on a constant basis throughout the entire fishing period are proposed to be divided into several types of costs. Their interrelated and interdependent influence can give both a general determinism to the production process and increase its imbalance, increasing the total fishing costs of a producing vessel due to the emergence of additional costs associated with an unstable fishing situation in the fishing area. In this regard, the production activity on the fishing vessel is carried out according to the formed fishing and technological scenarios. The developed block diagram of the totality of fishing costs during the movement of the main material flow through the phases of the fishing and technological system of a fishing vessel gives a complete picture of the total fishing costs of a fishing vessel when it simultaneously performs the processes of extraction and processing of aquatic biological resources with a situational-scenario approach to their formation.

Abandoned, Lost or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) in Tuna Pole-and-Line Fisheries

The fishing industry is recognized as one of the primary sources of at-sea marine litter, largely through its contributions via abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). Individual fleet’s contributions to ALDFG vary significantly across this global industry. While much information is available for some fisheries, the rate of ALDFG remains poorly known for many techniques. In this study, we used data collected by fisheries observers onboard pole-and-line fishing vessels in the Azores (Atlantic Ocean) and the Maldives (Indian Ocean) to provide an accurate and representative estimate of ALDFG for this gear. Our analysis of 993 fishing events demonstrated ALDFG contributions much lower than have been recorded for any other commercial tuna fishing gear. Overall, we found that an angler loses some monofilament line in 1.4% (±0.2) of fishing events. This informs that for every thousand tonnes of tuna harvested using this fishing technique, 0.3 kg of nylon is entering the marine environment. Globally, we estimate that all pole-and-line fisheries together contribute to 96 kg ± 42.6 kg of ALDFG per year. These results further evidence the low environmental impact of this traditional fishing practice, as well as the need for other methods to convert to less damaging gears.

Technical indicators of modern trawlers

The article identifies the problem of the lack of up-to-date publicly available statistical information on the technical and economic performance of modern fishing vessels, including foreign mining vessels, which entails serious restrictions on the choice of a prototype, from which domestic authors are forced to use outdated indicators of ship designs built in the second half of the XX century. The methods of obtaining the necessary information using the open databases of the Global Fishing Watch organization are presented. The methods of the organization's work with information and the characteristics of some databases are described. The data has been processed for further use. According to one of the fishing criteria, the most effective trawlers of 2020 were selected. Thanks to the obtained statistics on the operation of trawlers, it was possible to obtain many technical indicators of the vessels ' operation: the operating mode, the structure and duration of the fishing voyage, the form of fishing organization, the balance of calendar time. As the statistics are processed, the results are analyzed. The observations made are described: about the round-the-clock operation mode; about the duration of storming; about the associated fishing. The obtained indicators were compared with the indicators of trawler factories in 1969. The necessity of continuing the study of the main technical and economic indicators of modern fishing vessels: income, expenses, profit is justified.

Spatio-Temporal Fish Catch Assessments Using Fishing Vessel Trajectories and Coastal Fish Landing Data from around Jeju Island

While pressure on marine ecosystems leading to declines in global fish catches have been attributed to excessive fishing and to unregulated and unreported fishing, existing management practices have yet to fully address these declines. Estimation of spatial and temporal distribution of fisheries resources and the extent of fishing impacts on marine ecosystems using vessel trajectories has become central in recent studies. This study proposed the use of trajectories of 771 Korean coastal and offshore fishing vessels and one-year fish landing data to estimate variations in commercial fish species, vessel, and fishing gear activity distributions in the waters around Jeju island. A set of standards were applied to identify individual fishing tracks of major gears and uniformly distributed catch to fishing segments of trajectories to produce spatio-temporal distributions of catch, fishing activities, and vessel reliance on fishing grounds at a fine spatial scale. The method identified reference points that can inform management at local and regional scales. We discuss the opportunities of combining larger datasets collected over a longer period and applying predictive modeling techniques in making extensive assessments, including climate change impacts on fishing activities that can inform resource management and marine spatial planning.

PEREMPUAN DALAM PERIKANAN DAN AKUAKULTUR DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR RIAU

In terms of participation excellence, the fisheries sector of Indragiri Hilir Regency is gender biased. Pia dominates the scene, will hold leading positions such as ownership, control, and access to the productive resources of aquaculture production systems, as well as ownership of fishing vessels and equipment in the fishing sector. These roles give them the benefit of financial by providing investment opportunities, loan facilities, and import and export licenses, among others. Despite the economic potential of small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, women invest very little in the aquaculture, artisanal and industrial sectors. Women take a secondary role in processing and marketing, delaying major decisions for male counterparts. The underlying socio-cultural norms and gender relationships emphasized by intersectionality are often barriers to owning, accessing, or controlling productive resources and other inputs. Gender mainstreaming appears to be a very recent development in the fisheries sector. The goal of the study is the reorientation of women, especially those working in small-scale fisheries, including fisheries and aquaculture, toward active and significant participation in boat owner contribution, productivity, and policy/decision-making. Secondary data and conclusions from previous studies, especially reports and reviews from other districts,compared to what is available in Indragiri Hilir Regency. As a result, we propose expanding social entrepreneurship initiatives, bootstrapping,and social capital, among other interventions, to increase women's participation in the fisheries sector. Dalam hal keunggulan partisipasi, sektor perikanan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir bias gender. Pia mendominasi tempat kejadian, akan memegang posisi terkemuka seperti kepemilikan, kontrol, dan akses ke sumber daya produktif sistem produksi akuakultur, serta kepemilikan kapal penangkap ikan dan peralatan di sektor perikanan. Peran-peran ini menguntungkan mereka secara finansial dengan memberikan peluang investasi, fasilitas pinjaman, dan lisensi impor dan ekspor, antara lain. Terlepas dari potensi ekonomi perikanan dan akuakultur skala kecil, perempuan berinvestasi sangat sedikit di sektor akuakultur, artisanal dan industri. Perempuan mengambil peran sekunder dalam pengolahan dan pemasaran, menunda keputusan besar untuk rekan-rekan laki-laki. Norma-norma sosial-budaya yang mendasari dan hubungan gender yang ditekankan oleh interseksionalitas sering menjadi hambatan untuk memiliki, mengakses, atau mengendalikan sumber daya produktif dan input lainnya. Pengarus utamaan gender tampaknya menjadi perkembangan yang sangat baru di sektor perikanan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah reorientasi perempuan, terutama mereka yang bekerja di perikanan skala kecil, termasuk perikanan dan akuakultur, menuju partisipasi aktif dan signifikan dalam kontribusi pemilik kapal, produktivitas, dan kebijakan / pengambilan keputusan. Data sekunder dan kesimpulan dari penelitian sebelumnya, terutama laporan dan ulasan dari Kabupaten lain, dibandingkan dengan apa yang tersedia di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Sebagai hasilnya, kami mengusulkan perluasan inisiatif kewirausahaan sosial, kapal penangkap ikan (bootstrapping), dan modal sosial, di antara intervensi lainnya, untuk meningkatkan partisipasi perempuan di sektor perikanan.

The Compliance level of fishing actors and their problems in The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng to regulations

The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng is located in Girisubo District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng plays a role to support the development of marine fisheries in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The initial information obtained was that at The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng, fishing actors did not comply with licensing documents. The purpose of this study was to determine the problem and assess the level of compliance of fishing’s actors in The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng, which has fishing vessels with a size of more than 5 GT, to the applicable regulations in the marine and fisheries sector. The method used in this research is a case study on the compliance of fishing vessels at The Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study stated that the level of compliance of fishing vessels in Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng to the ownership of SIUP licensing documents was 97.14% (very good), SIPI 51.43% (very poor), SLO 48.57% (very poor), and SPB 31.43 % (very less). Licensing documents that are not owned or have expired and the incompatibility of documents with the physical ship are problems that cause the level of compliance of fishing business actors at Coastal Fishing Port Sadeng to be considered very low. Keywords: Compliance level, fishing business actors, problems, PPP Sadeng, regulations