scholarly journals Quantifying nutrient re-distribution from nutrient hotspots using camera traps, indirect observation and stable isotopes in a miombo ecosystem, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. e01073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mayengo ◽  
Wolfgang Armbruster ◽  
Anna C. Treydte
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Indirect Observation ◽  
Nutrient Hotspots

scholarly journals Short duration overnight cattle kraaling in natural rangelands: does time after kraal use affect their utilization by wildlife and above ground grass parameters?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangarirai Huruba ◽  
Servious Nemera ◽  
Faith Ngute ◽  
Meshack Sahomba ◽  
Peter J. Mundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Grass Biomass ◽  
Phacochoerus Africanus ◽  
Greater Kudu ◽  
Nutrient Hotspots

AbstractShort duration overnight cattle kraaling in natural rangelands creates nutrients hotspots attractive to a diverse suite of large mammalian herbivores. However, few studies have determined the use of these sites by large mammalian herbivores. We determined the number of animal sightings per day from camera traps and used them as proxies for use of these newly created nutrient hotspots of varying ages (1, 2, 3 and 4 years) and surrounding vegetation. Six mammalian herbivores of different sizes belonging to three feeding guilds viz. grazers (Burchell’s zebra Equus quagga burchelli and warthog Phacochoerus africanus), mixed feeders (impala Aepyceros melampus and African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana africana) and browsers (northern giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa and greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros) frequently used these nutrient hotspots. The number of sightings per day of mammalian herbivores was determined during three periods of the year (January – wet season; June – early dry season; October – late dry season) to ascertain their use of these nutrient hotspots. In addition, above ground grass biomass and height was measured and related to grazer sightings. Furthermore, we tested if repeated grazing in the newly created nutrient hotspots stimulated grass compensatory growth. All the mammalian herbivores used the newly created nutrient hotspots similarly throughout the year, with impala the most active users. Grazer and browser use of nutrient hotspots was not influenced by their age, while mixed feeders mostly used the one year old sites. Grazer use of nutrient hotspots was not influenced by aboveground grass biomass and height. Repeated clipping (proxy for grazing) resulted in compensatory aboveground grass biomass growth in nutrient hotspots. Impala benefited the most and zebra the least from the creation of nutrient hotspots in natural rangelands. We conclude that creation of nutrients hotspots through short duration overnight kraaling results in rangeland heterogeneity that improves availability of herbivore foraging sites.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Javan Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis Desmarest, 1816) in the Cisokan non-conservation forest areas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYA SYA SHANIDA ◽  
RUHYAT PARTASASMITA ◽  
TEGUH HUSODO ◽  
PARIKESIT PARIKESIT ◽  
ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
West Java ◽  
Indirect Observation ◽  
Leopard Cat ◽  
Prionailurus Bengalensis

Shanidah SS, Partasasmita R, Hudoso T. Parikesit, Meganatara EN. 2018. Short Communication: Javan Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis Desmarest, 1816) in the Cisokan non-conservation forest areas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 37-41. Javan Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis Desmarest, 1816) in the Cisokan non-conservation forest areas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: xx, xxx.There is no accurate data about the number of leopard individuals in Java Island in both conservation and non-conservation areas. Besides, human continue to deforestation for the necessities of life, such as agriculture, plantation, etc. Therefore, it is important to research about the existence of leopard cat in Cisokan of Cianjur Regency. The aim of this research is to investigate evidence of the leopard cat’s existence, encounter rate of leopard cat and estimation of leopard cat individual in the non-conservation forest areas, Cisokan, Cianjur. Indirect observation sign survey and direct observation with camera trap were carried out to find evidence of the existence of leopard cat (feces and footprint). The results of the study showed that the evidence of leopard cat’s existence are 6 footprints, 27 feces, and 1 individual which was able to observe. The encounter with camera traps was 29.16 independent detections /100 camera days, resulting in 7-12 estimated individuals.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

LBA-ECO CD-02 CARBON, NITROGEN, OXYGEN STABLE ISOTOPES IN ORGANIC MATERIAL, BRAZIL

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BERRY, ◽  
C. COOK, ◽  
T.F. DOMINGUES, ◽  
J. EHLERINGER, ◽  
L. FLANAGAN, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oxygen Stable Isotopes

Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ladds ◽  
MH Pinkerton ◽  
E Jones ◽  
LM Durante ◽  
MR Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Morphological Variables

Marine food webs are structured, in part, by predator gape size. Species found in deep-sea environments may have evolved such that they can consume prey of a wide range of sizes, to maximise resource intake in a low-productivity ecosystem. Estimates of gape size are central to some types of ecosystem model that determine which prey are available to predators, but cannot always be measured directly. Deep-sea species are hypothesized to have larger gape sizes than shallower-water species relative to their body size and, because of pronounced adaptive foraging behaviour, show only a weak relationship between gape size and trophic level. Here we present new data describing selective morphological measurements and gape sizes of 134 osteichthyan and chondrichthyan species from the deep sea (200-1300 m) off New Zealand. We describe how gape size (height, width and area) varied with factors including fish size, taxonomy (class and order within a class) and trophic level estimated from stable isotopes. For deep-sea species, there was a strong relationship between gape size and fish size, better predicted by body mass than total length, which varied by taxonomic group. Results show that predictions of gape size can be made from commonly measured morphological variables. No relationship between gape size and trophic level was found, likely a reflection of using trophic level estimates from stable isotopes as opposed to the commonly used estimates from FishBase. These results support the hypothesis that deep-sea fish are generalists within their environment, including suspected scavenging, even at the highest trophic levels.

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