National-scale spectroscopic assessment of soil organic carbon in forests of the Czech Republic

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 114832
Author(s):  
Asa Gholizadeh ◽  
Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel ◽  
Mohammadmehdi Saberioon ◽  
Luboš Borůvka ◽  
Josef Kratina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Czech Republic

Characterizing Soil Organic Carbon Content in Forests at National Scale using Reflectance Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Gholizadeh ◽  
Raphael Viscarra Rossel ◽  
Mohammadmehdi Saberioon ◽  
Lubos Boruvka ◽  
Lenka Pavlu
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Horizons

<p>Any strategy to change Carbon (C) pool would have a substantial effect on functionality of numerous ecosystem functions, detachment of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration, and climate change mitigation. As the largest amount of the world’s C is stored in forests soils, the importance of forest SOC management is highlighted. Total SOC in forest varies not only laterally but also vertically with depth; however, the SOC storage of lower soil horizons have not been investigated enough despite their potential to frame our understanding of soil functioning. Visible–Near Infrared (vis–NIR) reflectance spectroscopy enables rapid examinations of the horizontal distribution of forest SOC, overcoming limitations of traditional soil assessment. This study aims to evaluate the potential of vis–NIR spectroscopy for characterizing the SOC contents of organic and mineral horizons in forests. We investigated 1080 forested sites across the Czech Republic at five individual soil layers, representing the Litter (L), Fragmented (F), and Humus (H) organic horizons, and the A<sub>1</sub> (depth of 2–10 cm) and A<sub>2</sub> (depth of 10–40 cm) mineral horizons (total 5400 samples). We then used Support Vector Machine (SVM) to model the SOC contents of (i) the profile (all organic and mineral horizons together), (ii) the combined organic horizons, (iii) the combined mineral horizons, and (iv) each individual horizon separately. The models were validated using 10-repeated 10-fold cross validation. Results showed that there was at least more than seven times as much SOC in the combined organic horizons compared to the combined mineral horizons with more variation in deeper layers. All individual horizons’ SOC was successfully predicted with low error and R<sup>2</sup> values higher than 0.63; however, the prediction accuracy of F and A<sub>1</sub> was greater compared to others (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.70 and very low-biased spatial estimates). We have shown that modelling of SOC with vis–NIR spectra in different soil horizons of highly heterogeneous forests of the Czech Republic is practical.</p>

scholarly journals Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 111206
Author(s):  
Juraj Balkovič ◽  
Mikuláš Madaras ◽  
Rastislav Skalský ◽  
Christian Folberth ◽  
Michaela Smatanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Test Case ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Carbon Modelling ◽  
Carbon Change

scholarly journals Reurbanisation in Postsocialist Europe – A Comparative View of Eastern Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Haase ◽  
Manuel Wolff ◽  
Petra Špačková ◽  
Adam Radzimski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inner City ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
East German ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
German Cities

Since the 1990s, reurbanisation has become an increasingly frequent trajectory for urban development. Many formerly shrinking cities have been able to stabilise their population or even see new growth. Especially prominent in regions like Germany and the UK, but also observed across the whole continent, a lively debate on reurbanisation has developed as a reality of today’s, and a potential trajectory for tomorrow’s, cities in Europe.Postsocialist Europe has not so far been central in the reurbanisation debate, either empirically or theoretically. Subsequently, the postsocialist experience is missing in the discourse and the existing body of evidence. There is, however, some evidence that Czech and Polish cities are also seeing signs of new inner-city growth and a trend towards core city stabilisation.Against this background, the paper scrutinises the issues of reurbanisation and new growth after the shrinking of postsocialist cities. The paper uses the approach of a contrastive comparison between cities in eastern Germany, where reurbanisation has developed as the predominant trajectory for many large cities, and for cities in Poland and the Czech Republic, where this trend is considerably less prominent. It analyses the development of reurbanisation in these cities and their urban regions over the last few decades, its characteristics and the determinants triggering or impeding it. The paper includes data on a national scale as well as from relevant case studies of cities and their urban regions.It argues, among other things, that there is no “postsocialist model” with regard to influencing factors for reurbanisation. Eastern Germany, due to its specific postsocialist situation and transformation trajectory, can be viewed as an “outlier” or “hybrid” which exhibits characteristics typical of postsocialist and western welfare contexts and which is seeing especially dynamic reurbanisation after a phase of extreme shrinkage. Although there are clear signs of inner-city reurbanisation in Polish and Czech cities as well, it seems relatively unlikely that this process will reach the same high levels as in East German cities within the coming years. * This article belongs to a special issue on reurbanisation.

scholarly journals Factors affecting farm size on the European level and the national level of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janovska Vratislava ◽  
Simova Petra ◽  
Vlasak Josef ◽  
Sklenicka Petr
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Extreme differences in agricultural holding size, existing not only among the countries within the EU as a whole but also within the farm structures of the individual countries, create a considerable uncertainty for establishing the optimal political and economic instruments to support sustainable rural development. The study explores the determinants influencing the spatial volatility of agricultural holding size at both the EU scale and the national scale of the Czech Republic, the latter of which has the largest mean agricultural holding size in the EU. While some factors are identical for both the EU and the Czech Republic, other effects can only be evaluated at the European or international scale, and still others can be evaluated only at the national scale. The only factor found in this study to be significantly associated with the agricultural holding size on the European scale was the wheat production. On the Czech national scale, land consolidation, unemployment rate, and soil fertility were significantly associated with the agricultural holding size. The study found that in the Czech Republic, the number of farms was increasing, while at the same time the agricultural holding sizes were decreasing. This is an opposite trend in comparison to the EU as a whole, where the number of farms is diminishing and the sizes increasing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of modelling approaches for predicting the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks at the national scale

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 223-225 ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Martin ◽  
T.G. Orton ◽  
E. Lacarce ◽  
J. Meersmans ◽  
N.P.A. Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Modelling Approaches

Soil Organic Carbon Prediction at National Scale (Germany)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sakhaee ◽  
Anika Gebauer ◽  
Mareike Ließ ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
National Scale

<p>Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in agricultural ecosystems. However, its abundance is spatially variable at different scales. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have become an important tool in the spatial prediction of SOC at regional to continental scales. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, the prediction of SOC is a challenging task.</p><p>In this study, our aim is to evaluate the capability of two ML algorithms (Random Forest and Boosted Regression Trees) for topsoil (0 to 30 cm) SOC prediction in soils under agricultural use at national scale for Germany. In order to build the models, 50 environmental covariates representing topography, climate factors, land use as well as soil properties were selected. The SOC data we used was from the German Agricultural Soil inventory (2947 sampling points). A nested 5-fold cross-validation was used for model tuning and evaluation. Hyperparameter tuning for both ML algorithms was done by differential evolution optimization. </p><p>This approach allows exploring an extensive set of field data in combination with state of the art pedometric tools. With a strict validation scheme, the geospatial-model performance was assessed. Current results indicate that the spatial SOC variation is to a minor extent predictable with the considered covariate data (<30% explained variance). This may partly be explained by a non-steady state of SOC content in agricultural soils with environmental drivers. We discuss the challenges of geo-spatial modelling and the value of ML algorithms in pedometrics.</p>

Mapping soil organic carbon on a national scale: Towards an improved and updated map of Madagascar

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandrianina Ramifehiarivo ◽  
Michel Brossard ◽  
Clovis Grinand ◽  
Andry Andriamananjara ◽  
Tantely Razafimbelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
National Scale

Total organic carbon and its composition in long-term field experiments in the Czech Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Kubát ◽  
Dana Cerhanová ◽  
Jitka Nováková ◽  
Jan Lipavský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals Cross-sectoral and trans-national interactions in national-scale climate change impacts assessment—the case of the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2453-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamprini Papadimitriou ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Paula Harrison ◽  
Ian Holman
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Country Level

Abstract Assessing the combined impacts of future climate and socio-economic change at the country level is vital for supporting national adaptation policies. Here, we use a novel modelling approach to study the systemic impacts of climate and socio-economic changes on the Czech Republic, taking account of cross-sectoral interactions between agriculture, water, forestry, land-use and biodiversity, and, for the first time, trans-national interactions. We evaluate the national-level baseline results, scenario-neutral model sensitivities, and climate and socio-economic scenario impacts using a European-scale integrated modelling tool. Consistently across most climate and socio-economic scenarios, the Czech Republic is projected to have increasing importance as a crop-growing region in Europe, due to an increased competitive advantage within the continent. Arable land in the Czech Republic expands, at the expense of livestock farming and forestry, with associated impacts of increased water scarcity and reduced biodiversity for the country. Accounting for trans-national interactions in national-scale assessments provides more realistic assessments of impacts and helps to identify the changing role of the country within its regional and continental domain. Such improved understanding can support policy-makers in developing national adaptation actions that reduce adverse impacts and realise opportunities.

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