Effects of climate change and land use intensification on regional biological soil crust cover and composition in southern Africa

Abstract Aims Consequences of climate change and land use intensification on the nitrogen (N) cycle of organic-matter rich grassland soils in the alpine region remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify fates of fertilizer N and to determine the overall N balance of an organic-matter rich grassland in the European alpine region as influenced by intensified management and warming. Methods We combined 15N cattle slurry labelling with a space for time climate change experiment, which was based on translocation of intact plant-soil mesocosms down an elevational gradient to induce warming of +1 °C and + 3 °C. Mesocosms were subject to either extensive or intensive management. The fate of slurry-N was traced in the plant-soil system. Results Grassland productivity was very high (8.2 t - 19.4 t dm ha−1 yr−1), recovery of slurry 15N in mowed plant biomass was, however, low (9.6–14.7%), illustrating low fertilizer N use efficiency and high supply of plant available N via mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM). Higher 15N recovery rates (20.2–31.8%) were found in the soil N pool, dominated by recovery in unextractable N. Total 15N recovery was approximately half of the applied tracer, indicating substantial loss to the environment. Overall, high N export by harvest (107–360 kg N ha−1 yr−1) markedly exceeded N inputs, leading to a negative grassland N balance. Conclusions Here provided results suggests a risk of soil N mining in montane grasslands, which increases both under climate change and land use intensification.

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Remote sensing of biological soil crust under simulated climate change manipulations in the Mojave Desert

Remote Sensing of Environment ◽

10.1016/j.rse.2008.09.013 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 317-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Susan L. Ustin ◽

Phillip G. Valko ◽

Shawn C. Kefauver ◽

Maria J. Santos ◽

Jeff F. Zimpfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Mojave Desert ◽

Biological Soil Crust ◽

Soil Crust ◽

Simulated Climate ◽

Simulated Climate Change

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Groundwater dependent ecosystems. Part II. Ecosystem services and management in Europe under risk of climate change and land use intensification

Environmental Science & Policy ◽

10.1016/j.envsci.2011.04.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 782-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Bjørn Kløve ◽

Andrew Allan ◽

Guillaume Bertrand ◽

Elzbieta Druzynska ◽

Ali Ertürk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Land Use Intensification ◽

Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

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Remote sensing, climate change and land-use impacts in semi-arid lands of Southern Africa

IGARSS 2001. Scanning the Present and Resolving the Future. Proceedings. IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37217) ◽

10.1109/igarss.2001.978130 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O.P. Dube

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Arid Lands ◽

Land Use Impacts ◽

Semi Arid

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Do biotic interactions modulate ecosystem functioning along stress gradients? Insights from semi-arid plant and biological soil crust communities

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2010.0016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 365 (1549) ◽

pp. 2057-2070 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Fernando T. Maestre ◽

Matthew A. Bowker ◽

Cristina Escolar ◽

María D. Puche ◽

Santiago Soliveres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Species Richness ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Ecosystem Functioning ◽

Biological Soil Crust ◽

Biotic Interactions ◽

Arid Ecosystems ◽

Soil Crust ◽

Stress Gradients ◽

Semi Arid

Climate change will exacerbate the degree of abiotic stress experienced by semi-arid ecosystems. While abiotic stress profoundly affects biotic interactions, their potential role as modulators of ecosystem responses to climate change is largely unknown. Using plants and biological soil crusts, we tested the relative importance of facilitative–competitive interactions and other community attributes (cover, species richness and species evenness) as drivers of ecosystem functioning along stress gradients in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems. Biotic interactions shifted from facilitation to competition along stress gradients driven by water availability and temperature. These changes were, however, dependent on the spatial scale and the community considered. We found little evidence to suggest that biotic interactions are a major direct influence upon indicators of ecosystem functioning (soil respiration, organic carbon, water-holding capacity, compaction and the activity of enzymes related to the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles) along stress gradients. However, attributes such as cover and species richness showed a direct effect on ecosystem functioning. Our results do not agree with predictions emphasizing that the importance of plant–plant interactions will be increased under climate change in dry environments, and indicate that reductions in the cover of plant and biological soil crust communities will negatively impact ecosystems under future climatic conditions.

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Reply to Feeley and Rehm: Land-use intensification increases risk of species losses from climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1518956112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (45) ◽

pp. E6085-E6085

Author(s):

Naia Morueta-Holme ◽

Kristine Engemann ◽

Pablo Sandoval-Acuña ◽

Jeremy D. Jonas ◽

R. Max Segnitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Use Intensification

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Climate Change and Land Use Change of Rural Households in The Red River Delta, Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2013.15.02.05 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

Ngoc Luu Bich

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Rural Households ◽

River Delta ◽

Red River ◽

Red River Delta ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Main Production ◽

Farming Households

Climate change (CC) and its impacts on the socio-economy and the development of communities has become an issue causing very special concern. The rise in global temperatures, in sea levels, extreme weather phenomena, and salinization have occurred more and more and have directly influenced the livelihoods of rural households in the Red River Delta – one of the two regions projected to suffer strongly from climate change in Vietnam. For farming households in this region, the major and traditional livelihoods are based on main production materials as agricultural land, or aquacultural water surface Changes in the land use of rural households in the Red River Delta during recent times was influenced strongly by the Renovation policy in agriculture as well as the process of industrialization and modernization in the country. Climate change over the past 5 years (2005-2011) has started influencing household land use with the concrete manifestations being the reduction of the area cultivated and the changing of the purpose of land use.

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PETANI KUNINGAN DALAM PUSARAN KONFLIK KELAS

JURNAL PENELITIAN ◽

10.28918/jupe.v13i2.721 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nanang Susanto

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Action Research ◽

Participatory Action Research ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Participatory Observation

Penelitian ini menguji teori Marx yang mengatakan bahwa dalam proses kapitalisasi, petani lahan kecil akan tergusur oleh petani lahan besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR). Menggunakan teknik observasi partisipasi di lapangan, studi ini melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap petani. Analisis data yang digunakan bersifat induktif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, bahwa teori Marx tidak terjadi di malar Aman. Adapun penyebab menurunnya pertanian disebabkan menurunnya unsur hara tanah, mahalnya biaya produksi, alih fungsi lahan dan perubahan cuaca. Sedangkan strategi petani lahan kecil untuk mempertahankan kehidupan yaitu melakukan pola tanam tumpang sari, melakukan pekerjaan tambahan, dan mengatur keuangan.This study examines Marx's theory which says that in the process of capitalization, small land farmers will be displaced by large land farmers. This study uses a qualitative approach with the method of Participatory Action Research (PAR). Using the techniques of participatory observation in the field, the study conducted in-depth interviews on farmers. Analysis of the data used is inductive. This study led to the conclusion that Marx's theory does not happen in Aman malar. The cause of the decline of agriculture due to declining soil nutrients, the high cost of production, land use and climate change. While the strategies of small land farmers to sustain life is to do the planting patterns of intercropping, do extra work, and manage finances.

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