Temporal and spatial effects of a ‘Shan Shui’ landscape on housing price: A case study of Chongqing, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 102068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiwen Liu ◽  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Jianping Gu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Housing Price ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals The role of action effects in motor sequence planning and execution: exploring the influence of temporal and spatial effect anticipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Brown ◽  
Erik Friedgen ◽  
Iring Koch
Keyword(s):  
Action Planning ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Sequential Action ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Anticipation Effect

AbstractActions we perform every day generate perceivable outcomes with both spatial and temporal features. According to the ideomotor principle, we plan our actions by anticipating the outcomes, but this principle does not directly address how sequential movements are influenced by different outcomes. We examined how sequential action planning is influenced by the anticipation of temporal and spatial features of action outcomes. We further explored the influence of action sequence switching. Participants performed cued sequences of button presses that generated visual effects which were either spatially compatible or incompatible with the sequences, and the spatial effects appeared after a short or long delay. The sequence cues switched or repeated across trials, and the predictability of action sequence switches was varied across groups. The results showed a delay-anticipation effect for sequential action, whereby a shorter anticipated delay between action sequences and their outcomes speeded initiation and execution of the cued action sequences. Delay anticipation was increased by predictable action switching, but it was not strongly modified by the spatial compatibility of the action outcomes. The results extend previous demonstrations of delay anticipation to the context of sequential action. The temporal delay between actions and their outcomes appears to be retrieved for sequential planning and influences both the initiation and the execution of actions.

The Spatial-Temporal Change Pattern of Wetland in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River: A Case Study of Wuhu, Anhui

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3228-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Tao ◽  
Yong Ping Bai
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Change Pattern ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
Urban Sprawling

Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, which are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Utilizing RS and the GIS software, remote datum were matched and classified. By these transactions, the temporal and spatial changes of wetland landscape are explored in Wuhu, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative methods. This paper analyzed the time-spatial revolution process which indicated that, firstly the area of wetland reduced rapidly from remote sensing image in 1988, 2001 and 2005, secondly the exterior of urban changed acutely and the interior were protected well in view of spatial pattern. Moreover, driving force factors were pointed out. Human activities, especially urbanization were the main causes of wetlands degradation. Simultaneity, the development of farming, the construction of infrastructure and nature were important factors. Owing to rapid economic development and urban sprawling, wetlands are encountering threaten to be converting to other land uses. Thus, the paper provides policy advices for wetland conservation and urban planning toward sustainable development.

scholarly journals Multiple Evidence for Climate Patterns Influencing Ecosystem Productivity across Spatial Gradients in the Venice Lagoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Camilla Bertolini ◽  
Edouard Royer ◽  
Roberto Pastres
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Climate Forecasting ◽  
Oxygen Production Rate ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Effects of climatic changes in transitional ecosystems are often not linear, with some areas likely experiencing faster or more intense responses, which something important to consider in the perspective of climate forecasting. In this study of the Venice lagoon, time series of the past decade were used, and primary productivity was estimated from hourly oxygen data using a published model. Temporal and spatial patterns of water temperature, salinity and productivity time series were identified by applying clustering analysis. Phytoplankton and nutrient data from long-term surveys were correlated to primary productivity model outputs. pmax, the maximum oxygen production rate in a given day, was found to positively correlate with plankton variables measured in surveys. Clustering analysis showed the occurrence of summer heatwaves in 2008, 2013, 2015 and 2018 and three warm prolonged summers (2012, 2017, 2019) coincided with lower summer pmax values. Spatial effects in terms of temperature were found with segregation between confined and open areas, although the patterns varied from year to year. Production and respiration differences showed that the lagoon, despite seasonality, was overall heterotrophic, with internal water bodies having greater values of heterotrophy. Warm, dry years with high salinity had lower degrees of summer autotrophy.

Exploring a multilevel approach with spatial effects to model housing price in San José, Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110411
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pérez-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Autoregressive Models ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive Models

A multilevel model of the housing market for San José Metropolitan Region (Costa Rica) was developed, including spatial effects. The model is used to explore two main questions: the extent to which contextual (of the surroundings) and compositional (of the property itself) effects explain variation of housing prices and how does the relation between price and key covariates change with the introduction of multilevel effects. Hierarchical relations (lower level units nested into higher level) were modeled by specifying multilevel models with random intercepts and a conditional autoregressive term to include spatial effects from neighboring units at the higher level (districts). The random intercepts and conditional autoregressive models presented the best fit to the data. Variation at the higher level accounted for 16% of variance in the random intercepts model and 28% in the conditional autoregressive model. The sign and magnitude of regression coefficients proved remarkably stable across model specifications. Travel time to the city center, which presented a non-linear relation to price, was found to be the most important determinant. Multilevel and conditional autoregressive models constituted important improvements in modeling housing price, despite most of the variation still occurring at the lower level, by improving the overall model fit. They were capable of representing the regional structure and of reducing sampling bias in the data. However, the conditional autoregressive specification only represented a limited advance over the random intercepts formulation.

scholarly journals Stratosphere-troposphere exchange from the Lagrangian perspective: a case study and method sensitivities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3249-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bourqui
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Baroclinic Wave ◽  
End Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Residence Time Distributions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. An important part of extra-tropical stratosphere-to-troposphere transport occurs in association with baroclinic wave breaking and cut-off decay at the tropopause. In the last decade many studies have attempted to estimate stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) in such synoptic events with various methods, and more recently efforts have been put on inter-comparing these methods. However, large uncertainties remain on the sensitivities to methods intrinsic parameters, and on the best measure for STE with regard to end effects on chemistry. The goal of the present study is to address these two fundamental issues in the context of the application of a trajectory-based Lagrangian method, which has been applied in the past to climatological studies and has also been involved in inter-comparison studies, to a typical baroclinic wave breaking event. The analysis sheds light on (i) the fine mesoscale temporal and spatial structures that are associated with episodic, rapid inflows of stratospheric air into the troposphere; (ii) the spatial resolution of 1°×1° required to reasonably capture STE fluxes in such a wave breaking event; (iii) the effective removal of spurious exchange events using a threshold residence time; (iv) the relevance of residence time distributions for capturing the effective chemical forcing of STE; (v) the large differences in the temporal evolution and geographical distribution of STE fluxes across the 2 and the 4 potential vorticity unit iso-surface definitions of the tropopause.

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