CRITICAL REVIEW ON SUBURBAN TRANSIT ORIENTATION DEVELOPMENT

Transit orientation development always been associated as the transport solution for traffic congestion especially in the city. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the research in the suburban area. This paper discusses about the possibility to apply the concept in the suburban area as the solution for urban sprawling. Therefore, four principles have been identified in order for a transit orientation development suit in the suburban necessity. The principles are being central area, density and mixed land uses; the connection between the central area and the transit; developed based on need of density and designed by specific development agency; funding mechanism to allow transit orientation development. The conclusion is transit orientation development is not applied for problem solving, but to avoid future issues.

Cartografia Histórica da Cidade do Rio Grande/RS: Expansão Urbana entre 1737 e 2017.

Os mapas históricos preservam informações geográficas sobre a ocupação humana, a expansão urbana e as transformações ambientais ao longo da história. Nesta perspectiva, efetuamos a coleta, catalogação, descrição e interpretação de mapas do sítio urbano da cidade do Rio Grande, a fim de investigar a expansão urbana desde a fundação em 1737 até 2017. No presente estudo foram analisados oito produtos cartográficos representativos da expansão do núcleo central urbano da cidade do Rio Grande, foi utilizado desde documentos cartográficos históricos do século XVIII até as imagens de satélite da atualidade, buscando identificar a área urbana e suas transformações. As análises mostraram uma expansão urbana em função do crescimento demográfico propiciado pelas atividades militar, portuárias e industriais, que provocaram profundas alterações na geomorfologia original do pontal. Adicionalmente, a condição fisiográfica é um dos maiores desafios para a expansão urbana do Rio Grande, novas porções de terrenos continuam sendo incorporados ao urbano através de aterros das áreas inundáveis por particulares, nas margens da Lagoa do Patos e Saco da Mangueira. E os projetos formalizados, oriundos do Poder Público, no passado promoveram as principais mudanças ambientais como, por exemplo, os aterros na área do porto, mas atualmente os projetos utilizam de áreas regularizadas. Favorecendo o adensamento urbano. A expansão urbana da cidade aconteceu em resposta à necessidade de desenvolvimento frente aos diversos ciclos econômicos de sua história, alterando a fisiografia do pontal arenoso para atender as demandas socioeconômicas de cada período. Historical Cartography of the City of Rio Grande / RS: Urban Expansion between 1737 and 2017 A B S T R A C THistorical maps preserve geographic informations of human occupation, urban sprawling and environmental transformations throughout history. In view of this, was performed a map collection, cataloging, description and interpretation of the urban site of the city of Rio Grande, in order to investigate urban sprawling and environmental transformations since its foundation in 1737 to 2017. In this study, eight cartographic products were analyzed, representative of the Urban Core sprawl in Rio Grande, used from historical cartographic documents of the eighteenth century to the satellite images of today, attempt to identify the urban area and its transformations. The analyzes showed an urban expansion due to the demographic growth provided by military, port and industrial activities, which caused profound changes in the original geomorphology of the cape. In addition, the physiographic condition is one of the major challenges for the urban expansion of Rio Grande, new portions of land continue to be incorporated into the urban through landfills of flooded areas by individuals, on the shores of Patos Lagoon and Saco da Mangueira. In contrast formalized projects from the government have, in the past, promoted greatest environmental modifications, such as landfills in the Port area, but currently, the projects use regularized areas which supports urban densification. The urban sprawl of the city occurred in response to the need for development in the face of the many economic cycles of its history, changing the sandy ape physiography to better serve the socioeconomic demands of each period.Keywords: Map, Historical Record, Urban Sprawl.

Transformation of city space and housing estates associated with changes in lifestyle of inhabitants

The article presents difficulties of the city and its inhabitants related to changes of lifestyle. It also provides examples of solutions for these problems. Grass roots, spontaneous solutions as well as planned ones, foreign and from the Polish „backyard” were shown. Article presents also the problem of urban sprawling and encourages to prevent or to reduce this phenomenon through a comprehensive thoughtful transformation of existing prefabricated housing estates built during 70’s and 80’s. Limited area of neighborhood spaces between 30 meters height buildings makes social activity, providing services and taking a rest difficult for the inhabitants. It is even more important due to the fact that the parking places involve significant consumption of estates’ space. These areas are an inseparable element of Polish urban landscapes and there is no perspective for a change. Underestimation of this issue and the fact that urban planners, architects and scientists tend to ignore it can begin the process of social division which is very difficult to stop. It also has a negative impact causing decline in real estate values in the cities. On the basis of the analysis, social and architectural research proposals were given.

The Spatial-Temporal Change Pattern of Wetland in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River: A Case Study of Wuhu, Anhui

Wetlands play a number of roles in the environment, which are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Utilizing RS and the GIS software, remote datum were matched and classified. By these transactions, the temporal and spatial changes of wetland landscape are explored in Wuhu, combining qualitative analysis and quantitative methods. This paper analyzed the time-spatial revolution process which indicated that, firstly the area of wetland reduced rapidly from remote sensing image in 1988, 2001 and 2005, secondly the exterior of urban changed acutely and the interior were protected well in view of spatial pattern. Moreover, driving force factors were pointed out. Human activities, especially urbanization were the main causes of wetlands degradation. Simultaneity, the development of farming, the construction of infrastructure and nature were important factors. Owing to rapid economic development and urban sprawling, wetlands are encountering threaten to be converting to other land uses. Thus, the paper provides policy advices for wetland conservation and urban planning toward sustainable development.

Japanese Concept of Urban Promotion Control Area (UCA) to Save Agricultural Land in Bangladesh

Urban sprawling and unplanned infrastructure development are devouring productive land. Bangladesh is basically an agro based economy. In our country, about 1% of agricultural land in each year is transferred to another use. If this process continues all of our agricultural land would diminish within 100 years. This terrible situation is very crucial for an agro-based economy. In this paper, an attempt has been made to illustrate the necessity of introducing the Urban Promotion Control Area (UCA) in preparing physical development plan in Bangladesh to save agricultural land. This idea is well practiced in Japanese city planning. Unplanned development of physical infrastructure, especially development of unplanned road is the main cause of urban sprawling into the valuable agricultural land. The awful encroachment into the agricultural land also may cause haphazard urbanization. This type of land use regulation may protect the unpleasant encroachment into the UCA land. Public investment in UCA for urban infrastructure development could be strictly prohibited, so that unplanned development would be restricted.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbip.v2i0.9570Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners Vol. 2, December 2009, pp. 98-106