Erratum to “Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases” [Hum Pathol 39 (2008) 1275-1294]

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Luise A. Katzenstein ◽  
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Jeffrey L. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Cylen Javidan-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Pathologic Diagnosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents one of the most common chronic interstitial lung diseases. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the pathologic diagnosis of IPF and can be diagnosed when honeycombing is present with a basilar and peripheral predominance and findings not typical of UIP are absent. In the current era, when a diagnosis of UIP is made with confidence on HRCT, biopsy can be avoided. Yet, one must be familiar with mimics of UIP/IPF (most notably pulmonary edema superimposed on emphysema) to avoid confusion misdiagnosis. Radiologists must also be familiar with potential complications of UIP including progression, infection, accelerated fibrosis (which can be lethal) and primary lung cancer (which has an increased incidence in UIP).

scholarly journals Radiological diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ruza Stevic ◽  
Vucinic Mihailovic ◽  
Dragana Jovanovic ◽  
Nada Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

Introduction. Interstitial lung diseases include the entities of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, acute interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Recent introduction of high-resolution computed tomography has made the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease much easier. Usual interstitial pneumonia A predominantly subpleural reticulation and honeycombing at the basal posterior part of the lung with a progression to anterior and superior parts are characteristic of usual interstitial pneumonia/ idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Typical findings of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia are bilateral, relatively symmetrical subpleural ground glass opacifications and irregular linear opacities. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia is characterized by diffuse symmetrical ground glass opacifications. Respiratory bronchiolitisassociated interstitial lung disease Centrilobular nodules and irregular ground glass opacifications are present. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia Subpleural and peribronchial consolidations are prominent findings that are not present in other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Acute interstitial pneumonia. Bilateral ground-glass opacifications are present and areas of peripheral consolidations may also be seen in acute interstitial pneumonia. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Diffuse or patchy areas of ground glass opacification with centrilobular nodules and occasionally well-defined cysts are seen. Conclusion. Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying interstitial lung diseases but precise diagnosis requires a dynamic interdisciplinary approach that correlates clinical, radiological and pathologic features.

scholarly journals Clinico-radiological profile of connective tissue disease related-interstitial lung diseases from a tertiary care centre of India: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehul Agarwal ◽  
Manohar Lal Gupta ◽  
Kunal Deokar ◽  
Benhur Joel Shadrach ◽  
Neha Bharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Western India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a frequently occurring pulmonary manifestation in patients of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Detailed understanding of this subset of lung diseases is vital, hence the study was conducted to analyze the clinico-radiological characteristics of CTD-ILD. The present study was conducted between March 2017 to February 2018 at a tertiary care teaching hospital from western India. A total of 100 patients having respiratory symptoms suggestive of ILD, who were either diagnosed cases of CTD or had clinical manifestations of underlying CTD, were included in the study.  27% of patients belonged to age group 41-50 years and 78% were females. Chief respiratory complaints were dyspnea and cough. Clubbing was present in 29% patients. The most common CTDs were rheumatoid arthritis [RA] (26%), systemic sclerosis [SSC] (21%), mixed connective tissue disorder [MCTD] (19%) and Sjogren’s syndrome [SS] (16%). Restrictive defect on spirometry was seen in 58% cases and was most significant among patients with RA (65%) and SS (62%). Pulmonary arterial hypertension was seen in 40% cases and was most evident in MCTD (78%) and SSC patients (58%). Chest radiograph was normal in 47% of subjects. Most common radiological pattern on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax was non-specific interstitial pneumonia (42%) followed by usual interstitial pneumonia (21%). ILD is a common manifestation of CTD. Work-up for an underlying CTD should be offered to all ILD patients and vice versa.

High‐resolution CT in smoking‐related interstitial lung diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
E. Carlicchi ◽  
A. Caminati ◽  
P. Fughelli ◽  
G. Pelosi ◽  
S. Harari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

In addition to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchogenic carcinoma, smoking can also cause interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) such as respiratory bronchiolitis (RB), RB with ILD (RB‐ILD), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), Langerhans cell granulomatosis (LCG) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis‐usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF‐UIP). However, smoking seems to have a protective effect against hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), sarcoidosis and organising pneumonia (OP). High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has a pivotal role in the differential diagnosis. RB is extremely frequent in smokers, and is considered a marker for smoking exposure. It has no clinical relevance in itself since most patients with RB are asymptomatic. It is frequent to observe the association of RB with other smoking-related diseases, such as LCG or pulmonary neoplasms. In RB‐ILD, HRCT features are more conspicuous and diffuse than in RB, but there is no definite cut‐off between the two entities and any distinction can only be made by integrating imaging and clinical data. RB, RB‐ILD and DIP may represent different degrees of the same pathological process, consisting in a bronchiolar and alveolar inflammatory reaction to smoking. Smoking is also a well‐known risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. Multidisciplinary discussion and follow‐up can generally solve even the most difficult cases.

scholarly journals Interstitial lung diseases with progressive pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenetic features and approaches to therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
N. A. Kuzubova ◽  
O. N. Titova ◽  
D. B. Skliarova
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Fibrotic Process ◽  
Number Of Patients

A number of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) of various etiologies, including hypersensitive pneumonitis, diffuse connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis), sarcoidosis, idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and unclassified ILD develop rapid deterioration of lung ventilation function due to the progression of fibrotic changes, accompanied by a decrease in physical performance and quality of life. It is proposed to distinguish a progressive fibrotic phenotype from those with similar pathogenetic mechanisms, radiologic pattern, clinical course, and prognosis. The progressive course of the fibrotic process is assessed by reducing the forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC), increasing the severity of signs of pulmonary fibrosis according to computed tomography (CT) and worsening respiratory symptoms. There are several risk factors for the progression of ILD, such as male gender, older age, lower initial pulmonary function, and radiological or pathological picture of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Currently, the role of antifibrotic drugs in the treatment of this pathology is being actively studied. Previously, the common approach was to use this group of drugs in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and immunosuppressive drugs in patients with other fibrotic subtypes of IL. However, the results of clinical studies have shown a favorable response to antifibrotic therapy for a wider range of fibrotic ILD, manifested in a decrease in the annual rate of FVC reduction. And in 2020, the use of the first anti-fibrotic drug was approved for the treatment of patients with advanced pulmonary fibrosis, NOT related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

scholarly journals HRCT Patterns of Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Distefano ◽  
Luigi Fanzone ◽  
Monica Palermo ◽  
Francesco Tiralongo ◽  
Salvatore Cosentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Hrct Patterns

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies, which may be related to different causes. A low percentage of these lung diseases may be secondary to the administration of drugs or substances. Through the PubMed database, an extensive search was performed in the fields of drug toxicity and interstitial lung disease. We have evaluated the different classes of drugs associated with pulmonary toxicity. Several different high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns related to pulmonary drug toxicity have been reported in literature, and the most frequent ILDs patterns reported include Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP), Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP), Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), Organizing Pneumonia (OP), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD). Finally, from the electronic database of our Institute we have selected and commented on some cases of drug-induced lung diseases related to the administration of common drugs. As the imaging patterns are rarely specific, an accurate evaluation of the clinical history is required and a multidisciplinary approach—involving pneumologists, cardiologists, radiologists, pathologists, and rheumatologists—is recommended.

scholarly journals Lymphangiogenesis and Lesion Heterogeneity in Interstitial Lung Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S33856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Capillary Angiogenesis ◽  
Antigen Presenting

The lymphatic system has several physiological roles, including fluid homeostasis and the activation of adaptive immunity by fluid drainage and cell transport. Lymphangiogenesis occurs in adult tissues during various pathologic conditions. In addition, lymphangiogenesis is closely linked to capillary angiogenesis, and the balanced interrelationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is essential for maintaining homeostasis in tissues. Recently, an increasing body of information regarding the biology of lymphatic endothelial cells has allowed us to immunohistochemically characterize lymphangiogenesis in several lung diseases. Particular interest has been given to the interstitial lung diseases. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) are characterized by heterogeneity in pathologic changes and lesions, as typified by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. In IIPs, lymphangiogenesis is likely to have different types of localized functions within each disorder, corresponding to the heterogeneity of lesions in terms of inflammation and fibrosis. These functions include inhibitory absorption of interstitial fluid and small molecules and maturation of fibrosis by excessive interstitial fluid drainage, caused by an unbalanced relationship between capillary angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and induction of fibrogenesis via CCL21 and CCR7 signals. Better understanding for regional functions of lymphangiogenesis might provide new treatment strategies tailored to lesion heterogeneity in these complicated diseases.

scholarly journals Concordance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology with Transbronchial Lung Biopsies in Non-neoplastic Pulmonary Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nischita Jayaraj ◽  
Kusuma Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Flexible Bronchoscope ◽  
Cell Counts

Introduction: In many pulmonary diseases, despite radiological & clinical investigations, laboratory tests and function studies, the diagnosis becomes difficult. Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is a minimally invasive method in which cells are collected from bronchial and alveolar spaces for cytology. This is facilitated by using a flexible bronchoscope with which a biopsy is taken following BAL. Bronchoscopy with BAL when used appropriately can offer correct diagnosis which in turn aids in proper management of the patient. Aim: To find the concordance of BAL findings with the histopathological features of Transbronchial Lung Biopsy (TBLB) in non-neoplastic lung diseases. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 40 patients presenting with clinico-radiological findings, suggesting a non-neoplastic lung disease in the year 2019, undergoing bronchoscopy with BAL and concurrent TBLB were chosen. The BAL fluid was processed and differential count of cells was done to classify according to the American Thoracic Society Guidelines. Concordance was checked between the diagnoses made on TBLB and BAL analysis. Results: In the present study, a total of 40 cases were included of which 13 (32.5%) cases showed neutrophilic, 16 (40%) cases showed lymphocytic, 5 (12.5%) cases showed eosinophilic and 6 (15%) cases showed normal cellular distribution on BAL cytology. Diagnoses on studying TBLB included nine cases of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, seven cases of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, six cases of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organising Pneumonia, three cases of Bronchiolitis, two cases each of pulmonary tuberculosis and granulomatous inflammation. There was one case each of actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, lung abscess and mucor mycosis. Normal histology was noted in seven cases. The sensitivity of BAL fluid analysis was found to be 84.84% and the concordance was 80%. The Kappa value obtained was 0.71 indicating good agreement/concordance between BAL cytology and TBLB. Conclusion: The data from the current study suggest that differential cell counts in BAL provide diagnostic information of fundamental importance in frequently occurring non-neoplastic lung diseases in the community.

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