Bioleaching of metals from electronic scrap and its potential for commercial exploitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 131-132 ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Ilyas ◽  
Jae-chun Lee ◽  
Ru-an Chi
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Scrap ◽  
Commercial Exploitation

Legal Issues Related to the Commercial Exploitation of Apps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Iglezakis ◽  
Vasiliki Samartzi ◽  
Eleftheria Papadimitriou ◽  
Evgenia Smyrnaki
Keyword(s):  
Legal Issues ◽  
Commercial Exploitation

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanism for Mining Technology Transfer in the Area: Loopholes in ISA Practice and Its Mining Code

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7005
Author(s):  
Yu Ning
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Draft commercial exploitation regulations have been on the agenda of the ISA since several 15-year exploration contracts expired a few years ago. Given the ineffective implementation in practice and the ignored chapter in several mining regulations on the transfer of mining technology, the future Enterprise and developing countries may take a more positive approach to the transfer of mining technology by striking a delicate balance between the provisions on the protection of intellectual property and those on capacity building under the framework of UNCLOS and the 1994 Agreement, through reciprocal and mutual beneficial means such as direct technology purchasing and investment cooperation. The International Seabed Authority, as the competent inter-governmental organization, has the duty to foster favorable conditions for such transfer.

Fast Water Transport Through Sub-5 nm Polyamide Nanofilms: The New Upper-Bound of the Permeance-Selectivity Trade-Off in Nanofiltration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulak Sarkar ◽  
Solagna Modak ◽  
Santanu Ray ◽  
Vasista Adupa ◽  
K. Anki Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Liquid Transport ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Commercial Exploitation

Liquid transport through the composite membrane is inversely proportional to the thickness of its separation layer. While the scalable fabrication of ultrathin polymer membranes is sought for their commercial exploitation,...

Transfer of Technology to Nigeria and the Patents and Designs Act 1970

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
S. K. Date-Bah
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technology Transfer Process ◽  
Transfer Of Technology

The patent system has been claimed to be one of the ways of facilitating the transfer of technology from the industrialised North to the less developed countries of the South. It is by no means the only way in which this can be done. For one thing, not all technology is patented. Also, quite often before a patented process can be successfully worked there is need for the transfer of unpatented know-how along with the technology covered by the patent. Besides, it is not the patent itself which enables the transfer of the technology; rather, by making the title and exclusive rights of the patentee secure, it emboldens him to transfer his technology to others for commercial exploitation. Nevertheless, the patent is an important factor in the technology transfer process. As one United Nations report has put it:

scholarly journals Spotted Cats and the Amazon Skin Trade

Oryx ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Massive Development

In Brazil the trade in spotted cat skins – mainly jaguar and ocelot – built up in the early 1960s and provoked the Government in 1967 to outlaw all commercial exploitation of wildlife. The author estimates that this cut the annual kill from 15,000 jaguars and 80,000 ocelots to about half, which he thinks both populations can stand without becoming endangered. Moreover, the programme of massive development and settlement on the forest margins along the new Transamazon highway has run into difficulties, and forest destruction has so far been much less than was expected.

scholarly journals Toxicity Profiling of Biosurfactants Produced by Novel Marine Bacterial Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Georgia-Persephoni Voulgaridou ◽  
Theodora Mantso ◽  
Ioannis Anestopoulos ◽  
Ariel Klavaris ◽  
Christina Katzastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
Promising Source

Surface active agents (SAAs), currently used in modern industry, are synthetic chemicals produced from non-renewable sources, with potential toxic impacts on humans and the environment. Thus, there is an increased interest for the identification and utilization of natural derived SAAs. As such, the marine environment is considered a promising source of biosurfactants with low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and biodegradation compared to their synthetic counterparts. MARISURF is a Horizon 2020 EU-funded project aiming to identify and functionally characterize SAAs, derived from a unique marine bacterial collection, towards commercial exploitation. Specifically, rhamnolipids produced by Marinobacter MCTG107b and Pseudomonas MCTG214(3b1) strains were previously identified and characterized while currently their toxicity profile was assessed by utilizing well-established methodologies. Our results showed a lack of cytotoxicity in in vitro models of human skin and liver as indicated by alamar blue and propidium iodide assays. Additionally, the use of the single gel electrophoresis assay, under oxidative stress conditions, revealed absence of any significant mutagenic/anti-mutagenic potential. Finally, both 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) cell-free assays, revealed no significant anti-oxidant capacity for neither of the tested compounds. Consequently, the absence of significant cytotoxicity and/or mutagenicity justifies their commercial exploitation and potential development into industrial end-user applications as natural and environmentally friendly biosurfactants.

The Question of Accountability in the Customary Law of Pledge

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
C. O. Olawoye
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
The Supreme Court

The judgment of the Supreme Court in Okoiko v. Esedalue brings into prominence once again the question of accountability in the customary law relating to pledge of land. In that case Elias, C.J.N., made the following propositions which call for comment: (1) A pledgee who engages in commercial exploitation of pledged land is liable to account for his use of pledged land.

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