Cytochrome P450 family: Genome-wide identification provides insights into the rutin synthesis pathway in Tartary buckwheat and the improvement of agricultural product quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 4032-4045
Author(s):  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Zhaotang Ma ◽  
Moyang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family

scholarly journals Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in genome-wide expression control in Drosophila

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bordet ◽  
Niraj Lodhi ◽  
Danping Guo ◽  
Andrew Kossenkov ◽  
Alexei V. Tulin
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcription Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Parp 1

AbstractPoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair and transcription regulation, among other processes. Malignant transformations, tumor progression, the onset of some neuropathies and other disorders have been linked to misregulation of PARP-1 activity. Despite intensive studies during the last few decades, the role of PARP-1 in transcription regulation is still not well understood. In this study, a transcriptomic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae was carried out. A total of 602 genes were identified, showing large-scale changes in their expression levels in the absence of PARP-1 in vivo. Among these genes, several functional gene groups were present, including transcription factors and cytochrome family members. The transcription levels of genes from the same functional group were affected by the absence of PARP-1 in a similar manner. In the absence of PARP-1, all misregulated genes coding for transcription factors were downregulated, whereas all genes coding for members of the cytochrome P450 family were upregulated. The cytochrome P450 proteins contain heme as a cofactor and are involved in oxidoreduction. Significant changes were also observed in the expression of several mobile elements in the absence of PARP-1, suggesting that PARP-1 may be involved in regulating the expression of mobile elements.

The effect of export tax rebates on product quality: evidence from China's agricultural product processing industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liang ◽  
Jingqi Dang ◽  
Shuai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Export Tax

PurposeThis study aims to establish the linkage among export tax rebate (ETR), firm innovation and product quality of Chinese agricultural product processing industry (APPI), so that more targeted policy implications can be discussed.Design/methodology/approachUsing highly disaggregated firm-product-destination-level data through 2001 to 2013 of Chinese APPI, this study employs a two-way fixed effects specification to establish the linkage between ETR and product quality, while the mediational model is adopted to examine potential mechanisms.FindingsBaseline estimates show that a 1% increase in ETR rate leads to a significant increase in the product quality of APPI by 0.12% on the whole. However, there is a nonlinear, inverse-U shaped relationship between ETR and product quality, and the optimal inflection point occurs when ERT rate equals 0.15. Mechanism analyses show that firm innovation is an important impact channel, which explains 9.8% of quality improvement induced by raising ETR. Further heterogeneous analyses reveal both the total effects of ETR on product quality and the mediation effects of innovation are dominated by young SMEs (small and medium-size enterprises).Practical implicationsAuthorities can promote the innovation and then product quality improvement of young SMEs by moderately increasing ETR rate. To ensure ETR more effective in improving quality, it is necessary for the government to encourage innovation. Authorities can reduce the risk of innovation failure for low-tech firms by increasing R&D subsidies, while ensuring innovation returns for high-tech firms in combination with stronger intellectual property protection.Originality/valueFirst, this is one of the earlier studies to explore the relationship between ETR and product quality specifically for Chinese APPI. Second, we show firm innovation as an important mediator so that policies aim at raising ETR rates are eventually beneficial to product quality. Third, using the highly disaggregated data, we allow ETR rate to vary across different products, which is an improvement in the accuracy of previous literature. Finally, our research provides additional empirical evidence for revealing the micro-mechanism of ETR affecting firm behaviors.

scholarly journals Specificity and mechanism of carbohydrate demethylation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (23) ◽  
pp. 3875-3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Robb ◽  
Lukas Reisky ◽  
Uwe T. Bornscheuer ◽  
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Substrate Recognition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
High Energy Barrier ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Carbohydrate Ligand

Degradation of carbohydrates by bacteria represents a key step in energy metabolism that can be inhibited by methylated sugars. Removal of methyl groups, which is critical for further processing, poses a biocatalytic challenge because enzymes need to overcome a high energy barrier. Our structural and computational analysis revealed how a member of the cytochrome P450 family evolved to oxidize a carbohydrate ligand. Using structural biology, we ascertained the molecular determinants of substrate specificity and revealed a highly specialized active site complementary to the substrate chemistry. Invariance of the residues involved in substrate recognition across the subfamily suggests that they are critical for enzyme function and when mutated, the enzyme lost substrate recognition. The structure of a carbohydrate-active P450 adds mechanistic insight into monooxygenase action on a methylated monosaccharide and reveals the broad conservation of the active site machinery across the subfamily.

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