ABSTRACTDNA/RNA helicases, which are enzymes for eliminating hydrogen bonds between bases of DNA/DNA, DNA/RNA, and RNA/RNA using the energy of ATP hydrolysis, contribute to various biological activities. In the present study, theEuryarchaeota-specific helicase EshA (TK0566) from the hyperthermophilic archaeonThermococcus kodakarensis(Tk-EshA) was obtained as a recombinant form, and its enzymatic properties were examined.Tk-EshA exhibited maximal ATPase activity in the presence of RNA at 80°C. Unwinding activity was evaluated with various double-stranded DNAs (forked, 5′ overhung, 3′ overhung, and blunt end) at 50°C.Tk-EshA unwound forked and 3′ overhung DNAs. These activities were expected to unwind the structured template and to peel off misannealed primers whenTk-EshA was added to a PCR mixture. To examine the effect ofTk-EshA on PCR, various target DNAs were selected, and DNA synthesis was investigated. When 16S rRNA genes were used as a template, several misamplified products (noise DNAs) were detected in the absence ofTk-EshA. In contrast, noise DNAs were eliminated in the presence ofTk-EshA. Noise reduction byTk-EshA was also confirmed whenTaqDNA polymerase (a family A DNA polymerase, PolI type) and KOD DNA polymerase (a family B DNA polymerase, α type) were used for PCR. Misamplified bands were also eliminated duringtoxAgene amplification fromPseudomonas aeruginosaDNA, which possesses a high GC content (69%).Tk-EshA addition was more effective than increasing the annealing temperature to reduce misamplified DNAs duringtoxAamplification.Tk-EshA is a useful tool to reduce noise DNAs for accurate PCR.IMPORTANCEPCR is a technique that is useful for genetic diagnosis, genetic engineering, and detection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, troubles with nonspecific DNA amplification often occur from primer misannealing. In order to achieve a specific DNA amplification by eliminating noise DNAs derived from primer misannealing, a thermostableEuryarchaeota-specific helicase (Tk-EshA) was included in the PCR mixture. The addition ofTk-EshA has reduced noise DNAs in PCR.
A Redox-Neutral, Two-Enzyme Cascade for the Production of Malate and Gluconate from Pyruvate and Glucose
