Bacterial contamination rate and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria recovered from medical equipment, inanimate surfaces, and indoor air of neonatal intensive care unit and pediatric ward at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Abstract Objective Developing nosocomial sepsis within intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. But information is scarce regarding nosocomial sepsis in intensive care units of Northern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to determine the incidence of nosocomial sepsis, associated factors, bacteriological profile, drug susceptibility pattern, and outcome among patients admitted to the adult ICU of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH), which is the largest tertiary hospital in Northern Ethiopia. Method Facility-based longitudinal study was conducted by following 278 patients who were admitted for more than 48 h to adult ICU of ACSH, from October 2016 to October 2017. Data were collected from charts, electronic medical records, and microbiology registration book using a checklist. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS version 25. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Result Of all the patients, 60 (21.6%) of them acquired nosocomial sepsis. The risk of mortality was about two times higher among adult ICU patients who acquired nosocomial sepsis (RR = 2.2; 95% CI of RR = 1.3–3.5; p = 0.003). The odds of acquiring nosocomial sepsis among those who were on a mechanical ventilator (MV) and stayed more than a week were 5.7 and 9.3 times higher, respectively, than their corresponding counterparts. Among 48 isolates, Klebsiella was the most common pathogen. The isolates had a broad antibiotic resistance pattern for cephalosporins, penicillins, and methicillin. Conclusion The incidence of nosocomial sepsis in the adult ICU patients of ACSH was higher when compared to the incidence reported from some African and Asian countries. Mortality was higher among patients who acquired nosocomial sepsis. Use of MV and longer length of ICU stay were the significant predictors of nosocomial sepsis. The isolates were resistant to several antibiotics. Therefore, strict application of infection prevention strategies and appropriate use of antibiotics is so crucial. As well, priority should be given to patients who develop nosocomial sepsis in ICU.

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Nosocomial sepsis and drug susceptibility pattern among patients admitted to adult intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-234048/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tsega Cherkos Dawit ◽

Reiye Esayas Mengesha ◽

Mohamedawel Mohamedniguss Ebrahim ◽

Mengistu Hagazi Tequare ◽

Hiluf Ebuy Abraha

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Medical Records ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽

Nosocomial Sepsis ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Drug Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Objective: Developing nosocomial sepsis within intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. But information is scarce regarding nosocomial sepsis in Northern Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of nosocomial sepsis, associated factors, bacteriological profile, drug susceptibility pattern, and outcome among patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH).Method: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 278 patients admitted for more than 48 hours to adult ICU of ACSH from October 2016 to October 2017. Data were collected from charts, electronic medical records, and microbiology laboratory data registration book using a checklist. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression using SPSS 25. Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.Result: Of all the patients, 60(21.6%) of them acquired nosocomial sepsis. The risk of mortality was about two times higher among those who acquired nosocomial sepsis (RR=2.2; 95% CI of RR=1.3-3.5; p=0.003). The odds of acquiring nosocomial sepsis among those who were on a mechanical ventilator (MV) and stayed more than a week was 5.7 and 9.3 times higher respectively than their corresponding counterparts. Among 48 isolates, Klebsiella was the commonest. The isolated organisms had a broad antibiotic resistance pattern for cephalosporin, penicillin, and methicillin.Conclusion: Mortality due to nosocomial sepsis in adult ICU was higher. Use of MV and longer length of in-hospital stay were significant risk factors for nosocomial sepsis. The isolated organisms were resistant to several antibiotics. Therefore, strict application of infection prevention strategies and appropriate use of antibiotics is so crucial.

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