Internet of Things (IoT) and Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in smart farming: A comprehensive review

The way of generating and distributing energy throughout the electrical grid to all users is evolving. The concept of Smart Grid (SG) took place to enhance the management of the electrical grid infrastructure and its functionalities from the traditional system to an improved one. To measure the energy consumption of the users is one of these functionalities that, in some countries, has already evolved from a periodical manual consumption reading to a more frequent and automatic one, leading to the concept of Smart Metering (SM). Technology improvement could be applied to the SM systems to allow, on one hand, a more efficient way to collect the energy consumption data of each user, and, on the other hand, a better distribution of the available energy through the infrastructure. Widespread communication solutions based on existing telecommunication infrastructures instead of using ad-hoc ones can be exploited for this purpose. In this paper, we recall the basic elements and the evolution of the SM network architecture focusing on how it could further improve in the near future. We report the main technologies and protocols which can be exploited for the data exchange throughout the infrastructure and the pros and cons of each solution. Finally, we propose an innovative solution as a possible evolution of the SM system. This solution is based on a set of Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies called Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) which could be employed to improve the performance of the currently used technologies and provide additional functionalities. We also propose the employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to periodically collect energy consumption data, with evident advantages especially if employed in rural and remote areas. We show some preliminary performance results which allow assessing the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Geo-fencing Technique in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Post Disaster Management in the Internet of Things

2019 Second International Conference on Advanced Computational and Communication Paradigms (ICACCP) ◽

10.1109/icaccp.2019.8882934 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

J Sathish Kumar ◽

Saurabh K Pandey ◽

Mukesh A Zaveri ◽

Meghavi Choksi

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Disaster Management ◽

The Internet ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Post Disaster

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Efficient Deployment of Small Cell Base Stations Mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for the Internet of Things Infrastructure

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2020.2973320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 7460-7471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Javad Sobouti ◽

Zahra Rahimi ◽

Amir Hossein Mohajerzadeh ◽

Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno ◽

Reza Ghanbari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Small Cell ◽

Base Stations ◽

The Internet ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Cell Base

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Dynamic Speed Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Data Collection under Internet of Things

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18113951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 3951 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Qi Pan ◽

Xiangming Wen ◽

Zhaoming Lu ◽

Linpei Li ◽

Wenpeng Jing

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Collection Efficiency ◽

Speed Control ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Typical Application ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Sensor Device ◽

Sensor Devices

With the new advancements in flight control and integrated circuit (IC) technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in various applications. One of the typical application scenarios is data collection for large-scale and remote sensor devices in the Internet of things (IoT). However, due to the characteristics of massive connections, access collisions in the MAC layer lead to high power consumption for both sensor devices and UAVs, and low efficiency for the data collection. In this paper, a dynamic speed control algorithm for UAVs (DSC-UAV) is proposed to maximize the data collection efficiency, while alleviating the access congestion for the UAV-based base stations. With a cellular network considered for support of the communication between sensor devices and drones, the connection establishment process was analyzed and modeled in detail. In addition, the data collection efficiency is also defined and derived. Based on the analytical models, optimal speed under different sensor device densities is obtained and verified. UAVs can dynamically adjust the speed according to the sensor device density under their coverages to keep high data collection efficiency. Finally, simulation results are also conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical models and show that the DSC-UAV outperforms others with the highest data collection efficiency, while maintaining a high successful access probability, low average access delay, low block probability, and low collision probability.

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A comprehensive review of energy sources for unmanned aerial vehicles, their shortfalls and opportunities for improvements

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05285 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. e05285

Author(s):

Ashleigh Townsend ◽

Immanuel N. Jiya ◽

Christiaan Martinson ◽

Dmitri Bessarabov ◽

Rupert Gouws

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Aerial Vehicles

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Medium Access Control Protocols for the Internet of Things Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Comparative Survey

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20195586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (19) ◽

pp. 5586

Author(s):

Shreya Khisa ◽

Sangman Moh

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Access Control ◽

Medium Access Control ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Mac Protocols ◽

The Internet ◽

Medium Access ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of a large number of small low-cost devices, has become a leading solution for smart cities, smart agriculture, smart buildings, smart grids, e-healthcare, etc. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with IoT can result in an airborne UAV-based IoT (UIoT) system and facilitate various value-added services from sky to ground. In addition to wireless sensors, various kinds of IoT devices are connected in UIoT, making the network more heterogeneous. In a UIoT system, for achieving high throughput in an energy-efficient manner, it is crucial to design an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol because the MAC layer is responsible for coordinating access among the IoT devices in the shared wireless medium. Thus, various MAC protocols with different objectives have been reported for UIoT. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no survey had been performed so far that dedicatedly covers MAC protocols for UIoT. Hence, in this study, state-of-the-art MAC protocols for UIoT are investigated. First, the communication architecture and important design considerations of MAC protocols for UIoT are examined. Subsequently, different MAC protocols for UIoT are classified, reviewed, and discussed with regard to the main ideas, innovative features, advantages, limitations, application domains, and potential future improvements. The reviewed MAC protocols are qualitatively compared with regard to various operational characteristics and system parameters. Additionally, important open research issues and challenges with recommended solutions are summarized and discussed.

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