Analysis of full-scale precast post-tension (FPP) girder for straddle monorail – Experimental and FEA study

Techniques are being developed day-by-day to make it possible to pass through larger openings using smaller beam-column sections. Parallel to this trend, there is another necessity to produce not only smaller but also more economical and architecturally attractive beams. The aim of this study is to explain the structural behavior of steel arch beams reinforced using post-tension cables. Due to the effect of these, the arch beam load carrying capacity increases and a smaller sized optimized section can be obtained with a better architectural view. Moreover, it also allows better mechanical and applicable solutions for buildings. For a better understanding of the behavior of the reinforced beam, a steel beam and a steel arch beam with post-tensioned cables were modeled and analyzed using the SAP2000 finite element analysis computer program and compared with each other. In addition, full-scale specimens were prepared for testing to determine the structural behavior and compare the results with those from the computer modeling, the outcome of which was very promising. The similarity between the results inferred that no extra engineering knowledge and effort are needed to design such beams. The predicted (and proved by the testing) beam bearing capacity was 35% higher than that of the unreinforced beam. With just three full-scale tests completed, it was evident that the ratio (35%) could be increased by adjusting the cable post-tension force on much smaller sized beams.

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Full scale flexural test of jointed concrete members strengthened with post-tension tendons with internal anchorage

Engineering Structures ◽

10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatsuhiko Mimoto ◽

Isamu Yoshitake ◽

Takuya Sakaki ◽

Takafumi Mihara

Keyword(s):

Full Scale ◽

Flexural Test ◽

Concrete Members ◽

Post Tension

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Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.2.107 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Louis M. Hsu ◽

Judy Hayman ◽

Judith Koch ◽

Debbie Mandell

Keyword(s):

Graphical Method ◽

The United States ◽

Full Scale ◽

True Score ◽

Absolute Value ◽

Normative Population ◽

The Us ◽

The Mean ◽

And Performance ◽

Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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A Modification of the Payne-Jones Method of Identifying Abnormal Differences in WISC-R Performance and Verbal IQ's

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.12.1.27 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Louis M. Hsu

Keyword(s):

Full Scale ◽

True Score ◽

Verbal Iq ◽

Score Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

And Performance

The difference (D) between a person's Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) has for some time been considered clinically meaningful ( Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 ; Matarazzo, 1990 , 1991 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ; Sattler, 1982 ; Wechsler, 1984 ). Particularly useful is information about the degree to which a difference (D) between scores is “abnormal” (i.e., deviant in a standardization group) as opposed to simply “reliable” (i.e., indicative of a true score difference) ( Mittenberg, Thompson, & Schwartz, 1991 ; Silverstein, 1981 ; Payne & Jones, 1957 ). Payne and Jones (1957) proposed a formula to identify “abnormal” differences, which has been used extensively in the literature, and which has generally yielded good approximations to empirically determined “abnormal” differences ( Silverstein, 1985 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ). However applications of this formula have not taken into account the dependence (demonstrated by Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 , and Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ) of Ds on Full Scale IQs (FSIQs). This has led to overestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of high FSIQ children, and underestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of low FSIQ children. This article presents a formula for identification of abnormal WISC-R Ds, which overcomes these problems, by explicitly taking into account the dependence of Ds on FSIQs.

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