A Modification of the Payne-Jones Method of Identifying Abnormal Differences in WISC-R Performance and Verbal IQ's

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The difference (D) between a person's Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) has for some time been considered clinically meaningful ( Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 ; Matarazzo, 1990 , 1991 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ; Sattler, 1982 ; Wechsler, 1984 ). Particularly useful is information about the degree to which a difference (D) between scores is “abnormal” (i.e., deviant in a standardization group) as opposed to simply “reliable” (i.e., indicative of a true score difference) ( Mittenberg, Thompson, & Schwartz, 1991 ; Silverstein, 1981 ; Payne & Jones, 1957 ). Payne and Jones (1957) proposed a formula to identify “abnormal” differences, which has been used extensively in the literature, and which has generally yielded good approximations to empirically determined “abnormal” differences ( Silverstein, 1985 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ). However applications of this formula have not taken into account the dependence (demonstrated by Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 , and Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ) of Ds on Full Scale IQs (FSIQs). This has led to overestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of high FSIQ children, and underestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of low FSIQ children. This article presents a formula for identification of abnormal WISC-R Ds, which overcomes these problems, by explicitly taking into account the dependence of Ds on FSIQs.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

Lateralizing Significance of Wisc Verbal-Performance Discrepancies for Older Children with Learning Disabilities

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron P. Rourke ◽  
Gabor A. Telegdy
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
And Performance

45 9- to 14-yr.-old right-handed boys (IQ range: 85 to 115) with learning disabilities were distributed into three groups on the basis of their WISC Verbal IQ and Performance IQ scores: the high performance-low verbal (HP-LV) group, the verbal equal to performance (V = P) group, and the high verbal-low performance (HV-LP) group. The three groups were equated for age and Full Scale IQ. The performance of these Ss on 25 measures indicated clear superiority of the HP-LV group on most measures of complex motor and psychomotor abilities, regardless of the hand employed. Although expectations involving differential hand superiority of the HP-LV and HV-LP groups were not supported, the results were considered consistent with the view that WISC VIQ-PIQ discrepancies reflect the differential integrity of the two cerebral hemispheres in older children with learning disabilities.

Relationships between WAIS Verbal versus Performance Decrements and Bender-Gestalt Errors

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Wagner ◽  
Mary Kathleen McCormick
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
And Performance

Two groups of 42 cases each were matched on age, sex, and WAIS Full Scale IQ. They differed, however, in discrepancies between Verbal IQ and Performance IQ. One group had Verbal IQs which were average or better and were at least 20 points higher than the Performance IQs; conversely, the other group had Performance IQs which were average or better and at least 20 points higher than their Verbal IQs. The group with high Verbal IQs achieved significantly higher (poorer) Pascal-Suttell Bender-Gestalt scores than the group with high Performance IQs. It was also noticed that the latter subjects were more likely to have dropped out of high school and to have spent some time in prison.

Significance of WISC Verbal-Performance Discrepancies for Younger Children with Learning Disabilities

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron P. Rourke ◽  
Dianne M. Dietrich ◽  
Gerald C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Group A ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Verbal Performance

82 5- to 8-yr.-old children (IQ range 79 to 120) exhibiting learning disabilities were divided into three groups on the basis of their WISC Verbal IQ and Performance IQ: a high Performance IQ-low Verbal IQ group, a Verbal IQ equal to Performance IQ group, and a high Verbal IQ-low Performance IQ group. The three groups were equated for age and Full Scale IQ. The performance of these Ss on selected measures of verbal, auditory-perceptual, visual-perceptual, problem-solving, motor, and psychomotor abilities did not yield the same clear-cut differences observed in previous studies with older (9- to 14-yr.-old) children with learning disabilities who had been divided into groups on the basis of WISC Verbal IQ-Performance IQ discrepancies of an identical magnitude. These results argue for very guarded clinical inrerpretation of WISC Verbal IQ-Performance IQ discrepancies of this magnitude in the case of younger children exhibiting learning disabilities.

INTELLECTUAL LEVELS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN SEVERELY MALNOURISHED DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-824
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Hertzig ◽  
Herbert G. Birch ◽  
Stephen A. Richardson ◽  
Jack Tizard
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
School Age ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Life Index ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Index Cases

Intellectual functioning at school age was studied in boys who had been severely malnourished during the first 2 years of life (index cases). IQ in these index cases was compared with that of male siblings closest in age and unrelated class mates or neighbors matched for sex and age (comparisons). Full Scale, Verbal and Performance IQs were lowest for the index cases. All IQ measures were significantly lower in the index cases than in the comparisons. Full Scale and Verbal IQ were significantly lower in the index cases than in the siblings. Siblings differed from comparison children only in Performance IQ. No association was found between the intellectual level of index cases and the ages at which they had been hospitalized for the treatment of severe malnutrition during the first 2 years of life.

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants with Anaerobic Selectors

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
K. D. Tracy ◽  
S. N. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The anaerobic selector of the A/0™ process offers many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes with respect to process performance and operational stability. This high-rate, single-sludge process has been successfully demonstrated in full-scale operations for biological phosphorus removal and total nitrogen control in addition to BOD and TSS removal. This process can be easily utilized in upgrading existing treatment plants to meet stringent discharge limitations and to provide capacity expansion. Upgrades of two full-scale installations are described and performance data from the two facilities are presented.

Organizational Support for Professionalism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Noviana Norrohmat ◽  
Umar Nimran ◽  
Kusdi Raharjo ◽  
Hamidah Nayati Utami ◽  
Endang Siti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational support for professionalism that has never been done before. The research approach is to conceptualize the structure of the relationship of variables from a study. Verification research is to test the hypothesis through data collection in the field using two methods, namely descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The use of both methods aims to analyze the causality relationship between research variables in accordance with the hypothesis quantitatively. There is significant influence between the variables of organizational support to professional variables. However, different results are found on the influence of organizational support variables on OCB and performance that have no significant effect. There is also an indirect influence between organizational support variables on OCB and performance through intermediary intervening professionalism variables. The difference between this research and the previous research are the use of constructs and the measurement in the unit of analysis being used.

The Effect of Bow Shape on the Springing/Whipping Response of a Large Ocean-Going Vessel: Investigated by an Experimental Method

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaute Storhaug ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
High Frequency Response ◽  
Bow Flare ◽  
Excitation Mechanisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wave Induced

Wave induced vibrations often referred to as springing and/or whipping increase the fatigue and extreme loading in ship hull girders. Both effects are disregarded in current ship rules. Various numerical codes exist for predicting the wave induced vibrations, but so far they are not considered reliable. Another means to investigate the importance of the high frequency response, although more resource demanding, is to carry out full scale measurements and/or model tests. Recently, full scale measurements of blunt ships have been carried out by DNV, and in this paper one of these ships was considered and tested in a towing tank to evaluate the additional fatigue damage due to the wave induced vibrations. Different excitation sources may excite the 2-node vertical vibration mode depending on ship design, and it is not straight forward to determine which is more important. The relative importance of the excitation mechanisms are investigated by two approaches in this paper. The first approach separates the whipping from springing to illustrate their relative importance based on basic theory in combination with model test results. The linear and second order transfer functions are utilized in this procedure. The second approach deals with the effect of the bow design on the additional fatigue damage. Three different bows were tested. The first bow design is identical to the real ship. The second bow design is a simplified version of the first one, by removing the bulb and flare. The third bow is fundamentally different from the two former blunt bows. Bow three is sharp pointed with a vertical sharp stem and vertical ship sides. The results indicate that the importance of whipping depends on the sea state, but that it is of similar importance as springing for the sea states that contributes most to the fatigue damage. Moreover, the difference in the additional fatigue damage due to wave induced vibrations for different bow shapes is moderate. This indicates that vessels with pointed bows and without pronounced bow flare, such as LNG vessels, may have a similar contribution from wave induced vibrations. Modern container vessels, which are more slender, but with pronounced bow flares should be further investigated.

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