Rapid tool for evaluation of acido‐basic properties of solid catalysts at high reaction temperature conditions using 2-propanol and benzyl alcohol as probe molecules

2021 ◽  
pp. 105201
Author(s):  
Vinod Konaghatta Narayanachar ◽  
Ganesh Sanapur ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Rapid Tool

scholarly journals Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
AA Rana ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
M Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Suggested Model

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012

Synthesis of acid free benzaldehyde by highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol over recyclable supported palladium catalyst.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annam Renita A ◽  
Sunitha Salla ◽  
Shanthana Lakshmi Duraikannu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Doped Graphene

Aim and Objectives: This research work deals with the highly selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst which was synthesized by a modified Hummer’s method. The effect of reaction parameters like temperature, time and catalyst loading were studied. It was found that fine tuning of reaction temperature and presence of small amount of benzyl alcohol in product prevents undesirable formation of benzoic acid crystals which forms on auto oxidation of benzaldehyde. Benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acid formation was hindered by the presence of < 2% benzyl alcohol at a reaction temperature of 50˚C which was further supported by palladium doped graphene oxide catalyst. Materials and Methods: Modified Hummer’s method was used for the synthesis of graphene oxide and palladium doped graphene oxide was synthesized by insitu method in which graphene oxide dispersed in 20mL of distilled water was ultrasonicated for 2h. Palladium solution was added and it was further ultrasonicated for 30min for homogeneous deposition of palladium on graphene oxide support. To this, 2 mL of sodium borohydride solution was added and stirred at room temperature for 4h. The resulting solution was centrifuged and the residue was dried at 60°C for 12 h. Results: The morphological characteristics and the functional groups of supported catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the produced benzaldehyde was characterized by gas chromatography. Conclusion: PdGO catalyst was prepared using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent by modified Hummer’s method and utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. A maximum conversion of 89% and selectivity of 99% was obtained and the catalyst could be reused upto five times without any compromise on conversion and selectivity.

Catalytic Cracking of Coker Gas Oil at High Reaction Temperature and Catalyst to Oil Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1112-1115
Author(s):  
Jin Hong Zhang ◽  
Hong Hong Shan ◽  
Chao He Yang ◽  
Xiao Bo Chen ◽  
Chun Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Basic Nitrogen ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Coker Gas Oil ◽  
The Impact

Coker gas oil (CGO) is difficult to be cracked in the conventional FCC process, due to their high nitrogen content, especially the basic nitrogen compounds. To enhance the conversion of CGO, the high reaction temperature and catalyst to oil ratio processing scheme was performed in a pilot-scale riser FCC apparatus. To study the impact of (basic) nitrogen content, two kinds of CGO were tested. The results show that increasing the reaction temperature and CTO is an effective method for enhancing the conversion of CGO. The (basic) nitrogen content significantly influences the cracking behavior of CGO and the choose of optimal reaction conditions.

Factors Influencing the Reductive Removal of Cr(VI) by Zero-Valent Iron Materials in the Presence of Humic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Tian En Fan ◽  
Cheng Ji Weng ◽  
Jian Hao Lin ◽  
Xiao Li Yu ◽  
Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Acid Condition ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Initial Ph

The reduction of Chromium (VI) by ZVI filings in the presence of HA was carried out during our investigation. The factors such as reaction temperature, initial pH, Fe0 dosage which influencing the reaction were also researched. The results indicated that: 1. High reaction temperature was beneficial to the reaction. At the temperature of 25 oC, the Cr(VI) concentration decreased from 10 mg L-1 to 0.88 mg L-1 after 120 minutes, but at the temperature of 40 oC, the Cr(VI) concentration was reduce to 0.44 mg L-1; 2. Low initial pH was beneficial to the reaction, and the acid condition was beneficial to the reduction of Cr(VI); 3. the change of Fe0 dosage affect the reaction.

Phospholipase A from Cytosolic Fraction of Pyrococcus horikoshii Having High Reaction Temperature

1998 ◽  
Vol 864 (1 ENZYME ENGINE) ◽  
pp. 349-351
Author(s):  
YOSHITSUGU KOSUGI ◽  
YONG-GOE JOH ◽  
ANISUR RAHMAN KHAN ◽  
KATSUHIKO HIGUCHI ◽  
KAZUHIKO ISHIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Cytosolic Fraction ◽  
Pyrococcus Horikoshii ◽  
High Reaction

Mesoporous Silicas as Basic Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Formation of Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-155
Author(s):  
Dilson Cardoso ◽  
Laura Lorena da Silva ◽  
Iago W. Zapelini
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mesoporous Silicas ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Basic Properties

The principal aspects of the production of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysis are presented, comparing this alternative process to conventional (homogeneous) processes and evaluating the main operational parameters. The most important techniques for the preparation and characterization of silicas with basic properties are mentioned, dividing these materials into two groups with distinct properties: as-synthesized silicas, especially the M41S family, with their pores occluded with organic cations, and functionalized silicas, with accessible pores. The catalytic properties of these silicas were evaluated in transesterifications using a model reaction and vegetable oil. Finally, a brief presentation is made of other solid catalysts with basic properties that can be used in the biodiesel production reaction.

CsF-Catalyzed Fluoroacylation of Tetrafluoroethylene Using Acyl Fluorides for the Synthesis of Pentafluoroethyl Ketones

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sensuke Ogoshi ◽  
Naoyoshi Ishida ◽  
Hiroaki Iwamoto ◽  
Denise Eimi Sunagawa ◽  
Masato Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Cesium Fluoride

AbstractA catalytic method for the synthesis of pentafluoroethyl ketones­ has been developed. The cesium fluoride catalyst can be used to convert acyl fluorides into the pentafluoroethyl ketones under tetrafluoroethylene pressure without generating stoichiometric quantities of chemical waste. Mechanistic studies suggest that high reaction temperature is crucial for the ketone to be the major product.

New catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene: chloroaluminate imidazole-based ionic liquids in the presence of diisopropyl ether

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (36) ◽  
pp. 5615-5619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Vasilenko ◽  
Ivan A. Berezianko ◽  
Dmitriy I. Shiman ◽  
Sergei V. Kostjuk
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Diisopropyl Ether ◽  
Group Content ◽  
High Reaction ◽  
Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene ◽  
End Group

The use of [emim]Cl–AlCl3 in combination with iPr2O allowed the synthesis of HR PIB with high exo-olefin end group content (≥90%) and a relatively narrow MWD (Mw/Mn ≤ 2.0) at a high reaction temperature (>0 °C) and monomer concentration (5.2 M–7.8 M).

Selectively Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by FeIII–TAML/Hydrogen Peroxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Ge Wang ◽  
Yan Chun Liu ◽  
Xiao Bin Chen ◽  
Zhi Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Macrocyclic Ligands ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Benzyl alcohol was selectively oxidized to benzaldehyde with iron (III) complexed to tetra amido macrocyclic ligands (FeIII–TAML) as catalyst and 30% H2O2 as oxidant. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, amount of catalyst and oxidant on the reaction of catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol were explored. The conversion and selectivity of this oxidation reaction were calculated from calibrated GC yields of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde. When oxidation reaction was conducted under the conditions: solvent NMMO: ethanol = 1: 1, n (H2O2): n (benzyl alcohol) = 2, n (catalyst): n (benzyl alcohol) = 1%, temperature 80 ̊C and reaction time 60 minutes, the conversion was 91.23% and the selectivity was 90.12%.

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