scholarly journals Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
AA Rana ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
M Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Suggested Model

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012

scholarly journals Application of a Mathematical Model by Means of Experimental Design to Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexene

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamruzzaman ◽  
Ashequl Alam Rana ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Manoranjan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst was studied statistically with a three-factored experimental design. Factorial design was employed to study the effects of single factors and the effects of their interactions on the yield of alkylation. Reaction temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexene and amount of perchloric acid were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model was derived to calculate the predicted yield of alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexene in the presence of perchloric acid under certain reaction conditions and cyclohexyl o-cresol was obtained in high yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values did not exceed 1.52%. An optimum yield (89.5%) of the product was obtained under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 140º C; a 6:1 molar ratio of ocresol to cyclohexene and a 5% by weight perchloric acid of o-cresol.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10342  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 79-85 2012 (January)

scholarly journals Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Cyclohexylchloride: A Statistical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Prashanta Chakravarty ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Mahmud Hasan Tareque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Main Effects

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of ethylbenzene with cyclohexyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as a catalyst using the Yates Pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl choloride and amount of anhydrous aluminium chloride. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexylethylbenzene. Main effects as well as interaction effect of molar ratio of ethylbenzene to cyclohexyl chloride and amount of catalyst were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10340  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 71-76 2012 (January)

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Alkylation of o-Cresol with Cyclohexanol

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Nashid Sharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

A mathematical model was developed for the alkylation of o-cresol with cyclohexanol in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst. A set of trials was planned according to a 3 factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design. The variables chosen for the study were temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol and amount of perchloric acid. The critical response was the yield of cyclohexyl o-cresol. Main effects as well as two-and three-factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up. The highest experimentally found yield was 89.3% while the estimated yield was found to be 89.09%. The experimentally settings were temperature, 140O C; molar ratio of o-cresol to cyclohexanol, 6:1; amount of catalyst, 5% by wt. of o-cresol; addition time, 2 h; stirring time, 1 h. Keywords: o-Cresol, Cyclohexanol, Experimental design, Alkylation. DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3669 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 181-186, 2009

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Benzylation of p-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
M Ismail ◽  
MS Jamal ◽  
STA Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
High Yield

The reaction of p-cresol with benzyl alcohol in the presence of perchloric acid produces only 2-benzyl-4-methylphenol in high yield. A mathematical model has been developed for the process by Yates pattern experimental design. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 187-194, 2007

Optimization of Lactose Content in the Row Milk by Colorimetry via Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Jian Ting Ning ◽  
Jun Rui Wu ◽  
Xi Qing Yue
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

The lactose content in the raw milk by colorimetry was introduced in the paper.On the single-factor experiment basis, it used response surface methodology to establish a quadratic mathematical model of lactose content. After analyzing the significance of the various factors and interactions, the results showed the optimum extraction conditions of detecting lactose content by colorimetry were as follows: reaction temperature 100°C, reaction time 5.2min, amount of precipitation 2.9 mL. In order to verify the method’s accuracy, five kinds of raw milk were chosen to test. The results showed the recoveries were between 97.122%-101.294%, so it is feasible to determine the content of lactose in raw milk.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for the Alkylation of Phenol with Octanol-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Saha ◽  
Md Kabir Hossain ◽  
Md Ashaduzzaman ◽  
Dipti Saha ◽  
Shams Tania Afroza Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

A 3-factor 2-level Yates pattern experimental design was used to develop a mathematical model for the alkylation of phenol with octanol-1 in the presence of sulphuric acid. A set of trials was planned with two replicates and the centre point trial with 4 replicates. Main effects as well as two- and three- factor interaction effects were statistically significant. The highest experimental yield was 79.5%. The experimental settings were temperature, 160ºC; molar ratio of phenol to octanol-1, 10:1; amount of 94% sulphuric acid, 8% by wt. of phenol; addition time, 2h and stirring time, 2h. Adequacy of the suggested model was checked. The difference between the experimental and estimated yield was negligible.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10339  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 65-70 2012 (January)

Study on Synthesis of Preservative Benzyl Methyl Fumarate

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1970-1973
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Zi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Using maleic anhydride, benzyl alcohol and methanol as raw materials, a new preservative benzyl methyl fumarate containing α, β-unsaturated carbonyl structure was prepared. Based on the single factor experiment, the results of orthogonal test showed that the optimal conditions for the reaction was 4 h time, temperature at 65 °C, and with molar ratio of fumarate acid to methanol at 1:5. The production rate was 65.53%.

scholarly journals Optimization and kinetic study of methyl laurate synthesis using ionic liquid [Hnmp]HSO 4 as a catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 180672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyong Han ◽  
Wudi Zhang ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Shiqing Liu ◽  
Xingling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Methyl Laurate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Esterification Rate

Methyl laurate was synthesized from lauric acid (LA) and methanol via an esterification reaction using ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. The efficiencies of three different catalysts, 1-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO 4 ), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnmp]HSO 4 ) and H 2 SO 4 , were compared. The effect of the methanol/LA molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage on the esterification rate of LA was investigated by single-factor experiments. Based on the single-factor experiments, the esterification of LA and methanol was optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that the most effective catalyst was the IL [Hnmp]HSO 4 . The optimal conditions were as follows: [Hnmp]HSO 4 dosage of 5.23%, methanol/LA molar ratio of 7.68 : 1, reaction time of 2.27 h and reaction temperature of 70°C. Under these conditions, the LA conversion of the esterification reached 98.58%. A kinetic study indicated that the esterification was a second-order reaction with an activation energy and a frequency factor of 68.45 kJ mol −1 and 1.9189 × 10 9 min −1 , respectively. The catalytic activity of [Hnmp]HSO 4 remained high after five cycles.

Synthesis and Optimization of Methyl Laurate Using Sulfonated Pyrrolidonium Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyong Han ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Shiqing Liu ◽  
Xingling Zhao ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Methyl Laurate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Central Composite

Abstract Methyl laurate was synthesized from lauric acid and methanol using Brønsted acid ionic liquids as catalysts, by an esterification reaction. The efficiencies of four different catalysts, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4), 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4), 1-(3-sulfonic acid) propyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4) and H2SO4 were compared. The effect of the methanol/lauric acid molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the lauric acid conversion was investigated by single-factor experiments. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the esterification of lauric acid and methanol was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The results showed that the most effective catalyst was the ionic liquid [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4. The optimal conditions were as follows: [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 dosage of 10 % (based on the mass of lauric acid), methanol/lauric acid molar ratio of 9:1, reaction time of 1 h and reaction temperature of 70 °C. Under these conditions, the lauric acid conversion reached 95.33 %. The catalytic activity of [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 still remained high after 5 cycles.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE FRYING OIL OVER ALUMINA SUPPORTED CHICKEN EGGSHELL CATALYST USING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TOOL

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Yusuff ◽  
Lekan T. Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Percentage Contribution

An optimization of the biodiesel production from a waste frying oil via a heterogeneous transesterification was studied. This present study is also aimed at investigating the catalytic ehaviour of the alumina supported eggshell (ASE) for the synthesis of biodiesel. A synthesized ASE catalyst, at various mixing ratios of alumina to eggshell, was investigated and exhibited a better activity for the reaction when the eggshell and alumina were mixed via incipient wetness impregnation in 2 : 1 proportion on a mass basis and calcined at 900 °C for 4 h. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized by basicity, BET, SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The 2k factorial experimental design was employed for an optimization of process variables, which include catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature and their effects on the biodiesel yield were studied. The optimization results showed that the reaction time has the highest percentage contribution of 40.139% while the catalyst loading contributes the least to the biodiesel production, as low as 1.233 %. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9492) and the interaction between the reaction time and reaction temperature contributes significantly to the biodiesel production process with percentage contribution of 14.001 %, compared to other interaction terms. The biodiesel yield of 77.56% was obtained under the optimized factor combination of 4.0 wt.% catalyst loading, 120 min reaction time, 12 : 1 methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction temperature of 65 °C. The reusability study showed that the ASE catalyst could be reused for up to four cycles and the biodiesel produced under optimum conditions conformed to the ASTM standard.

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