Monthly variation in prevalence rates of comorbid depression and anxiety in the general population at 63–65° North: The HUNT study

AbstractWhile children and adolescents placed in child welfare or juvenile justice out-of-home care show higher prevalence rates of mental disorders compared to the general population, it remains unclear whether this pattern persists into adulthood. A quantitative synthesis of existing studies is lacking. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence rates for mental disorders among adults with a foster or residential child welfare or juvenile justice care history, comparing them where possible to rates among the general population. PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiological studies published up to 28 October 2020. Nineteen studies, totaling 604,257 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were used for prevalence rates and odds ratios (OR) of mental disorders, and study quality was rated. A prevalence rate of 30% [95% CI (23.36, 37.36)] for any mental disorder in adults with a child welfare care history was found (3–17% for specific disorders). A prevalence rate of 45% [95% CI (42.38, 47.38)] for any mental disorder was found in adults with a juvenile justice care history (6–66% for specific disorders). For out-of-home placement history, adult mental disorders were significantly higher than in the general population (OR = 1.33–2.76). Studies differed in terms of methodology and the disorder groups considered, so heterogeneity between effect sizes ranged from low to high. Our findings suggest that the high risk that mental health issues will persist in adults with an out-of-home placement history needs to be taken seriously in the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The care systems involved need to collaborate and to be aware of these risks.

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Episodic versus Chronic Dizziness: An Analysis of Predictive Factors

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894211025416 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000348942110254

Author(s):

Eric J. Formeister ◽

Ricky Chae ◽

Emily Wong ◽

Whitney Chiao ◽

Lauren Pasquesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Regression ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Chronic Dizziness ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

History Of

Objectives: To elucidate differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with episodic and chronic dizziness. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of 217 adults referred for dizziness at 1 tertiary center was undertaken. Subjects were split into a chronic dizziness group (>15 dizzy days per month) and an episodic dizziness group (<15 dizzy days per month). Results: 217 adults (average age, 53.7 years; 56.7% female) participated. One-third (n = 74) met criteria for chronic dizziness. Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) scores were significantly higher in those with chronic dizziness compared to those with episodic dizziness (53.9 vs 40.7; P < .001). Comorbid depression and anxiety were more prevalent in those with chronic dizziness (44.6% and 47.3% vs 37.8% and 35.7%, respectively; P > .05). Abnormal vestibular testing and abnormal imaging studies did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Ménière’s disease and BPPV were significantly more common among those with episodic dizziness, while the prevalence of vestibular migraine did not differ according to chronicity of symptoms. A multivariate regression that included age, sex, DHI, history of anxiety and/or depression, associated symptoms, and dizziness triggers was able to account for 15% of the variance in the chronicity of dizziness (pseudo- R2 = 0.15; P < .001). Conclusions: Those who suffer from chronic dizziness have significantly higher DHI and high comorbid rates of depression and anxiety than those with episodic dizziness. Our findings show that factors other than diagnosis alone are important in the chronification of dizziness, an observation that could help improve on multimodal treatment options for this group of patients.

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Forensic Behavioral Science of Serial and Mass Murder with an Addition of Leisure Research: A Descriptive Synthesis

Forensic Sciences ◽

10.3390/forensicsci1010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16-24

Author(s):

D J Williams

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Behavioral Science ◽

Mass Murder ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Multiple Homicide ◽

Violent Events ◽

Science Disciplines

Prevalence rates of multiple homicide are statistically rare and vary across nations, yet such cases create substantial suffering for victims and can generate widespread fear among the general population. Despite extreme rarity, it remains important for forensic experts and professionals to be prepared when extremely violent events occur. This review summarizes contemporary behavioral science of serial and mass murder, then highlights the application of recent leisure research to add new motivational and behavioral insights. Research on the application of leisure science to homicide research is in its infancy, yet in conjunction with other related behavioral science disciplines, appears to hold promise in understanding, and perhaps helping to prevent, future violence.

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Cardiac function associated with previous, current and repeated depression and anxiety symptoms in a healthy population: the HUNT study

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2015-000363 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. e000363 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L T Gustad ◽

O Bjerkeset ◽

L B Strand ◽

I Janszky ◽

Ø Salvesen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Function ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hunt Study

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Comorbid depression and anxiety spectrum disorders

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1996)4:4<160::aid-da2>3.0.co;2-j ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 160-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 245

Author(s):

Jack M. Gorman

Keyword(s):

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

Spectrum Disorders

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COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03385-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tian Qi ◽

Ting Hu ◽

Qi-Qi Ge ◽

Xiao-Na Zhou ◽

Jia-Mei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 1 year, causing far-reaching and unprecedented changes in almost all aspects of society. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety, and explore the factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess mental health problems from February 2 to February 9, 2021 by using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The insomnia severity index (ISI), demographic data and COVID-19 related variables were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. The factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified by Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results In the study that 1171 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among general people was 22.6 and 21.4% respectively in the present study. Living alone was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while regular exercises was a potential protective factor. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia symptoms and the negative feelings about pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic- related chronic stress has brought about profound impacts on long-term mental health in the general population. The level of insomnia and a negative attitude towards the pandemic are significantly correlated with unfavorable mental health. However, we failed to found a significant association of age and gender with the mental health symptoms, although they were recognized as well-established risk factors during the outbreak by some other studies. This discrepancy may be because the acute and chronic effects of the pandemic are influenced by different factors, which reminds that more attention should be paid to the intrinsic psychological factors and physical reactions towards COVID-19.

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