A study of age at onset and affective temperaments in a Norwegian sample of patients with mood disorders

Affective temperaments represent a biologically stable core of emotional reactivity and have previously been associated with hypertension and arterial stiffening. The age, when hypertension is initiated, is influenced by different factors, but the role of personality traits in this regard is not clarified yet. Our aim was to study the association between affective temperaments and the age at onset of hypertension. In this cross-sectional study, 353 patients were included. After the evaluation of history, patients completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. We used linear regression analysis to identify predictors of the age of onset of hypertension in the whole cohort and in male and female subpopulations. The independent predictors of the age at onset of hypertension were male sex (B = −4.57 (95% CI = −1.40 to −7.74)), smoking (B = −4.31 (−7.41 to −1.22)), and positive family history (B = −6.84 (−10.22 to −3.45)). In women, cyclothymic temperament score was an independent predictor of the initiation of hypertension (B = −0.83 (−1.54 to −0.12)), while this association was absent in men. Besides traditional factors, cyclothymic affective temperament might contribute to the earlier initiation of hypertension in women.

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Effects of a 12-week running programme in youth and adults with complex mood disorders

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000314 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laura E Keating ◽

Suzanna Becker ◽

Katie McCabe ◽

Jeff Whattam ◽

Laura Garrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Social Impairment ◽

Group Setting ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Younger Age ◽

Salutary Effect ◽

Group Members ◽

The Impact ◽

Relapse Rates

ObjectiveAlthough numerous studies suggest a salutary effect of exercise on mood, few studies have explored the effect of exercise in patients with complex mental illness. Accordingly, we evaluated the impact of running on stress, anxiety and depression in youth and adults with complex mood disorders including comorbid diagnoses, cognitive and social impairment and high relapse rates.MethodsParticipants were members of a running group at St Joseph Healthcare Hamilton’s Mood Disorders Program, designed for clients with complex mood disorders. On a weekly basis, participants completed Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaires, providing an opportunity to evaluate the effect of running in this population.ResultsData collected for 46 participants from April 2012 to July 2015 indicated a significant decrease in depression (p<0.0001), anxiety (p<0.0001) and stress (p=0.01) scores. Whereas younger participant age, younger age at onset of illness and higher perceived levels of friendship with other running group members (ps≤0.04) were associated with lower end-of-study depression, anxiety and stress scores, higher attendance was associated with decreasing BDI and BAI (ps≤0.01) scores over time.ConclusionsAerobic exercise in a supportive group setting may improve mood symptoms in youth and adults with complex mood disorders, and perceived social support may be an important factor in programme’s success. Further research is required to identify specifically the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits associated with exercise-based therapy programmes.

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EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE AGE AT ONSET OF HYPERTENSION AND DIFFERENT AFFECTIVE TEMPERAMENTS

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000539045.45593.a5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. e34

Author(s):

B.Z. Korosi ◽

M. Vecsey-Nagy ◽

B. Szilveszter ◽

M. Kolossvary ◽

A. Laszlo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age At Onset ◽

Affective Temperaments

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Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.106.029280 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 192 (2) ◽

pp. 112-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

Dan J. Stein ◽

Soraya Seedat ◽

Allen Herman ◽

Hashim Moomal ◽

Steven G. Heeringa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

South Africa ◽

Substance Use ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Lifetime Prevalence

BackgroundData on the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa are of interest, not only for the purposes of developing evidence-based mental health policy, but also in view of South Africa's particular historical and demographic circumstances.MethodA nationally representative household survey was conducted between 2002 and 2004 using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to generate diagnoses. The data-set analysed included 4351 adult South Africans of all ethnic groups.ResultsLifetime prevalence of DSM–IV/CIDI disorders was determined for anxiety disorders (15.8%), mood disorders (9.8%), substance use disorders (13.4%) and any disorder (30.3%). Lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders differed significantly across ethnic groups. Median age at onset was earlier for substance use disorders (21 years) than for anxiety disorders (32 years) or mood disorders (37 years).ConclusionsIn comparison with data from other countries, South Africa has a particularly high lifetime prevalence of substance use disorders. These disorders have an early age at onset, providing an important target for the planning of local mental health services.

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The importance of measures of affective temperaments in genetic studies of mood disorders

Journal of Psychiatric Research ◽

10.1016/0022-3956(92)90032-j ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 257-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Giovanni B. Cassano ◽

Hagop S. Akiskal ◽

Giulio Perugi ◽

Laura Musetti ◽

Mario Savino

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Affective Temperaments

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Affective temperaments, white matter hyperintensities and suicidal risk in patients with mood disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73348-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1644-1644

Author(s):

G. Serafini ◽

M. Pompili

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Suicidal Risk ◽

Short Allele ◽

Affective Temperaments ◽

Hyperthymic Temperament

IntroductionPatients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) may be at higher risk for affective disorders and suicidal behaviour and affective temperaments may play a significant role in mood disorders.Objectives, aims, methodsRecently, we conducted a study in a sample of 247 patients with major affective disorders consecutively admitted as psychiatric inpatients.ResultsWe found that those with higher dysthymia and lower hyperthymia were more likely to have higher BHS scores, more WMHs, higher MINI suicidal risk, and more recent suicide attempts than patients with higher hyperthymia and lower dysthymia. Previously, we have reported that depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments are risk factors whereas the hyperthymic temperament is a protective factor for suicidal behaviour, at least for suicide attempters. This is in line with recent genetic studies showing that the short allele of serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) was significantly related to depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments (but not to the hyperthymic temperament) and individuals with the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR and major affective disorders have more microstructural white matter abnormalities in specific brain regions.ConclusionsIn subjects with mood disorders, some temperament profiles in addition to WMHs presumably play a critical role in the emergence of hopelessness and suicidal behaviour. Differences among temperament profiles associated with WMHs may be used as biological markers for clinically grouping subjects at higher risk both for the emergence of mood disorders and suicidal behaviour (highly lethal suicide attempts) and this may have relevant implications for treatment.

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Affective temperaments in clinical practice: A validation study in mood disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 577-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P.A. Vöhringer ◽

E.A. Whitham ◽

S.B. Thommi ◽

N.S. Holtzman ◽

H. Khrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Validation Study ◽

Affective Temperaments

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Duration between onset and time of obtaining initial treatment among people with anxiety and mood disorders: an international survey of members of mental health patient advocate groups

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291799002093 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 693-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

J. M. CHRISTIANA ◽

S. E. GILMAN ◽

M. GUARDINO ◽

K. MICKELSON ◽

P. L. MORSELLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Early Onset ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Self Report ◽

Mental Health Patient ◽

Consistent Finding ◽

Patient Advocate

Background. Self-report data obtained from members of advocate groups for patients with anxiety or mood disorders in 11 countries were used to study time to initial professional help-seeking after incident episodes.Method. Data were taken from 3516 self-administered questionnaires completed by members of GAMIAN, an international consortium of mental health patient advocate groups. Reports about age at onset and age at first seeking treatment were obtained retrospectively.Results. Approximately 40% of respondents reported that they sought treatment in the same year as the first onset of their disorder. The median delay in help-seeking was 8 years for the remainder of respondents. Synthetic cohort analysis suggests that delays have decreased in recent cohorts. However, time to initial help-seeking in all cohorts and all countries was found to be inversely related to age at onset.Conclusions. Although caution is needed in generalizing the results beyond members of patient advocate groups, the key patterns found here were also found in previous analyses of general population surveys carried out in the US and Canada. The critical and consistent finding in all these studies is that presumably curable adolescents with early-onset disorders are, in effect, ignored by the treatment system in these countries. Aggressive outreach and intervention among early-onset cases might prove to be a cost-effective approach both to prevent the onset of secondary disorders and to improve success in treating primary disorders.

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