Reduced anterior cingulate glutamate of comorbid skin-picking disorder in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Huirong Zheng ◽  
Wanqun Yang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Guanmin Hua ◽  
Shibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

scholarly journals Toward a unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningfei Li ◽  
Juan Carlos Baldermann ◽  
Astrid Kibleur ◽  
Svenja Treu ◽  
Harith Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractMultiple surgical targets have been proposed for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, different targets may modulate the same neural network responsible for clinical improvement. Here we analyzed data from four cohorts of OCD patients (N = 50) that underwent DBS to the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Fiber tracts that were predominantly connected to electrodes in good or poor DBS responders were isolated from a normative structural connectome and assigned a predictive value. Strikingly, the same fiber bundle was related to treatment response when independently analyzing two large training cohorts that targeted either ALIC or STN. This discriminative tract is a subsection of the ALIC and connects frontal regions (such as the dorsal anterior cingulate, dACC, and ventral prefrontal, vlPFC, cortices to the STN). When informing the tract solely based on one cohort (e.g. ALIC), clinical improvements in the other (e.g. STN) could be significantly predicted, and vice versa. Finally, clinical improvements of eight patients from a third center with electrodes in the NAcc and six patients from a fourth center in which electrodes had been implanted in both STN and ALIC were significantly predicted based on this novel tract-based DBS target. Results suggest a functional role of a limbic hyperdirect pathway that projects from dACC and vlPFC to anteriomedial STN. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms seem to be tractable by modulating the specific bundle isolated here. Our results show that connectivity-derived improvement models can inform clinical improvement across DBS targets, surgeons and centers. The identified tract is now three-dimensionally defined in stereotactic standard space and will be made openly available.

Pathology of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
M. V. Kireev ◽  
N. S. Medvedeva ◽  
A. D. Korotkov ◽  
Ju. I. Polyakov ◽  
A. D. Anichkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Brain Activation During Response Interference in Twins Discordant or Concordant for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk den Braber ◽  
Dennis van ‘t Ent ◽  
Danielle C. Cath ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

One of the core behavioral features associated with obsessive compulsive symptomatology is the inability to inhibit thoughts and/or behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in frontostriatal and dorsolateral prefrontal – anterior cingulate circuits during inhibitory control in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder compared with controls. In the present study, task performance and brain activation during Stroop color-word and Flanker interference were compared within monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive compulsive symptoms and between groups of pairs scoring very low or very high on obsessive compulsive symptoms, in order to examine the differential impact of non-shared environmental versus genetic risk factors for obsessive compulsive symptomatology on inhibitory control related functional brain activation. Although performance was intact, brain activation during inhibition of distracting information differed between obsessive compulsive symptom high-scoring compared to low-scoring subjects. Regions affected in the discordant group (e.g., temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus) were partly different from those observed to be affected in the concordant groups (e.g., parietal gyrus and thalamus). A robust increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activity during response interference was observed in both the high-scoring twins of the discordant sample and the high-scoring twins of the concordant sample, marking this structure as a possible key region for disturbances in inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Patterns of Neural Response to Emotive Stimuli Distinguish the Different Symptom Dimensions of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Related Material ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

ABSTRACTDespite its heterogeneous symptomatology, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is currently conceptualized as a unitary diagnostic entity. Recent factor-analytic studies have identified several OCD symptom dimensions that are associated with different demographic variables, comorbidity, patterns of genetic transmission, and treatment response. Functional abnormalities in neural systems important for emotion perception, including the orbitofrontal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and limbic regions, have been reported in OCD. In this review, we discuss the extent to which neurobiological markers may distinguish these different symptom dimensions and whether specific symptom dimensions, such as contamination/washing, are associated with abnormalities in emotion and, in particular, disgust, perception in OCD. Also discussed are findings that indicate that anxiety can be induced in healthy volunteers in response to OCD symptom-related material, and that associated increases in activity within neural systems important for emotion perception occur to washing- and hoarding-related material in particular in these subjects. Further examination of neural responses during provocation of different symptom dimensions in OCD patients will help determine the extent to which specific abnormalities in neural systems underlying emotion perception are associated with different symptom dimensions and predict treatment response in OCD.

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