Caloric Deficit Diets of 55%, 40%, and 25% Result in a Significant Metabolic Adaptation to Resting Energy Expenditure and Decline in Lean Body Mass in Healthy Post Menopausal Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. A45
Author(s):  
B. Reed ◽  
S. Fullmer ◽  
R. Davidson ◽  
N. Nyland ◽  
D.L. Eggett
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Caloric Deficit ◽  
Resting Energy

Regional lean body mass and resting energy expenditure in non-obese adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred J. Müller ◽  
Kirsten Illner ◽  
Anja Bosy-Westphal ◽  
Gisbert Brinkmann ◽  
Martin Heller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Resting Energy

Role of cytokines and testosterone in regulating lean body mass and resting energy expenditure in HIV-infected men

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E138-E145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronenn Roubenoff ◽  
Steven Grinspoon ◽  
Paul R. Skolnik ◽  
Eric Tchetgen ◽  
Leslie Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Resting Energy

Although catastrophic weight loss is no longer common in HIV-infected men, we hypothesized that a more gradual process of cachexia [loss of lean body mass (LBM) without severe weight loss, often accompanied by elevated resting energy expenditure (REE)] is still common and is driven by excessive production of the catabolic cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We performed a longitudinal analysis of an ongoing cohort study of nutritional status in 172 men with HIV infection. LBM loss of >1 kg occurred in 35% of the cohort, and LBM loss of >5% occurred in 12.2% over 8 mo of observation, but classical wasting (loss of ≈10% of weight) was rare (2%). Both TNF-α (−150 g LBM · ng−1· ml−1, P < 0.02) and IL-1β production (−130 g LBM · ng−1· ml−1, P < 0.01) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells predicted loss of LBM. A rise in REE of >200 kcal/day was found in 17.7% of the subjects regardless of weight change. IL-1β (+9 kcal/day per ng/ml, P < 0.002) and TNF-α (+10 kcal/day per ng/ml, P < 0.02) production predicted ΔREE. Serum free testosterone was inversely associated with TNF-α production and was not an independent predictor of either ΔLBM or ΔREE after adjustment for cytokine production. Even though weight loss was rare in this cohort of patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, loss of LBM was common and was driven by catabolic cytokines and not by inadequate dietary intake or hypogonadism.

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