Complex Health Needs in the Youth Justice System: A Survey of Community-Based and Custodial Offenders

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Kinner ◽  
Louisa Degenhardt ◽  
Carolyn Coffey ◽  
Susan Sawyer ◽  
Stephen Hearps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Drug-Related Deaths Among Young People Involved in The Criminal Justice System: A Whole-Population Multi-Sectoral Data Linkage Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse T Young ◽  
Holly Tibble ◽  
Rohan Borschmann ◽  
Stuart A Kinner
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
System A

IntroductionDrug-related death is substantially higher in formerly incarcerated adults compared to the general population. Despite this, remarkably little is known about the epidemiology of drug-related death among justice-involved adolescents. A richer understanding of drug-related mortality in justice-involved young people is essential for the development of effective, evidence-based interventions for this vulnerable group. Objectives and ApproachIn a whole-population cohort of justice-involved young people in Queensland, Australia, we aimed to: 1) calculate the rate of drug-related death overall, and separately by intent and drug category; and 2) estimate the probability, and identify the predictors of, drug-related death. We probabilistically linked Youth Justice Queensland and National Death Index (NDI) records for every young person who came into contact with the youth justice system in Queensland between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2014 (N=48,963). The NDI provided death data until 31 December 2017. Crude mortality rates (CMR) were calculatedoverall, separately by intent, and by prescribed versus illicit drug cause. Competing risk survival analysis will be conducted. ResultsOf the 48,963 individuals, 1452 (3%) died by 31 December 2017. Of these, 204 (14%) deaths were due to drugs, yielding a CMR of 31 (95%CI:27-36) per 100,000 person-years. Most drug-related deaths were recorded as intentional (CMR=28; 95%CI:24-33 per 100,000 person-years) and deaths from prescribed medications were more common than illicit drugs (CMR=17; 95%CI:14-20 and CMR=11; 95%CI:9-14 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). Conclusion / ImplicationsRates of drug-related deaths following contact with the youth justice system are disproportionately high and represent a major public health concern. Our findings highlight the importance of initiation of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment upon contact with the youth justice system and continuous engagement with community treatment after discharge from the youth justice system. Evidenced-base prevention strategies and efforts to improve the continuity of care are urgently needed.

Community Corrections and the Experiences of Young Male Offenders in the Hong Kong Youth Justice System

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Criminal Careers ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation

In the past two decades ‘decarceration’ and ‘deinstitutionalisation’ have been key themes of youth justice in the West. Restrictions have been imposed on the courts, limiting their ability to hand out residential and custodial training sentences to young offenders. As an alternative, resources have been redirected into the development and expansion of community-based rehabilitation programmes. However, in Hong Kong large numbers of young offenders continue to be placed in residential and custodial institutions after very brief criminal careers, and for crimes which do not pose a serious risk to the community. This article makes use of a recently published research study to discuss the experiences of young male offenders in the Hong Kong youth justice system, and to consider why community-based rehabilitative programmes as direct alternatives to residential training and custody have been slow to develop. It then goes on to explore how from a cultural perspective the use of community-based programmes might be justified and how they could be developed around existing sentencing guidelines.

Supporting Young Offenders to Communicate in the Youth Justice System: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Anna Sowerbutts ◽  
Emma Eaton-Rosen ◽  
Karen Bryan ◽  
Suzanne Beeke
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
System A

Net-Widening and the Diversion of Young People From Court: A Longitudinal Analysis With Implications for Restorative Justice

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
System A ◽  
Police Records ◽  
Net Widening

Internationally, many youth justice systems aim to divert young people from court through informal mechanisms, such as police cautions and restorative conferences. Among other things, diversion avoids the potentially criminogenic effects of formal contact with the criminal justice system. However, in some instances, the sum of court appearances and diversionary procedures indicates an overall increase in the numbers of young people having contact (formal or informal) with the criminal justice system — a phenomenon known as net-widening. This article summarises previous debates about the risks of net-widening. It then presents results from analysis of over 50,000 police records pertaining to young people's contact with the Tasmanian criminal justice system between 1991 and 2002. Across that decade, court appearances markedly reduced, while a corresponding increase in diversions was recorded. There was no evidence of net-widening. However, there was a significant increase in detention orders. Implications for policy and future research are considered.

scholarly journals Diversion, Conferencing, and Extrajudicial Measures for Adolescent Offenders

1969 ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bala
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
Adolescent Offenders ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Youth Criminal Justice Act ◽  
Local Program ◽  
Formal Justice

In responding to youth crime, Canada makes disproportionate use of courts and custodial sentences, while other countries divert more youth from the formal justice system and make greater use of community-based responses. This article surveys diversion from the youth courts under the different youth justice regimes that have existed in Canada, including informal and formal screening, police and Crown cautions, and use of youth justice committees and conferencing. The newly enacted Youth Criminal Justice Act is intended to encourage greater use of these diversionary "extrajudicial measures," and more use of a "restorative justice " approach to cases. A major limitation is that these provisions are permissive, and create no new legal rights for youths and impose no new obligations on governments. It will be up to provincial governments to decide whether to allow police, prosecutors and local program operators to actually implement these provisions. Further, depending on how these provisions are implemented, there are legitimate concerns about the potential for these informal responses to abuse the rights of youths or ignore the needs of victims. There should be both monitoring of the implementation of these provisions and research to determine how effective they are at reducing offending, and meeting the needs of victims, offenders and communities.

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