72. Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, Disadvantage, and Adolescent Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. S39
Author(s):  
Michael Enich ◽  
Lenna Nepomnyaschy
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

“A rising tide floats all boats”: The role of neighborhood collective efficacy in responding to child maltreatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 105461
Author(s):  
James C. Spilsbury ◽  
Jarrod E. Dalton ◽  
Bridget M. Haas ◽  
Jill E. Korbin
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

Examining the (Dis)Agreement between Etiology and Consequences of Adults’ and Youths’ Perceptions of Collective Efficacy in Boston

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Tucker ◽  
Gregory M. Zimmerman ◽  
Jacob I. Stowell ◽  
David Squier Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

Objectives: To examine the extent to which adults’ and youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy align, the shared and unique correlates of adults’ and youths’ perceptions, and the effects of adults’ and youths’ perceptions on youths’ violence. Method: Descriptive analysis, hierarchical linear modeling, and spatial analysis analyze 1,636 youths from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey and 1,677 adults distributed across 85 neighborhoods from the 2008 Boston Neighborhood Study. Results: Descriptive analysis indicates that Boston adults’ and youths’ perceptions are largely divergent. Spatial analysis indicates that there is not clustering of either adults’ or youths’ perceptions across Boston neighborhoods. Multilevel models indicate that adults’ and youths’ perceptions exhibit divergent etiology: Adults’ perceptions align closely with neighborhood collective efficacy and with their own neighborhood perceptions, while youths’ perceptions are largely a function of individual differences (race and age) and sociobehavioral factors (social support and educational expectations). Youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy, rather than aggregated adults’ perceptions of collective efficacy, are inversely associated with youths’ violence. Conclusions: Adults’ and youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy represent distinct constructs. Research should focus on the divergent processes through which adults’ and youths’ perceptions are generated and the differential effects of adults’ and youths’ perceptions on youths’ behaviors.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Derauf ◽  
Diana Pandey ◽  
Juliette T. Liesinger ◽  
Euijung Ryu ◽  
Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002).  Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

Levels of Guardianship in Protecting Youth Against Exposure to Violence in the Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin ◽  
Maria João Lobo Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Different Types

Using hierarchical generalized linear modeling and the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods data, the authors examine whether different types of guardianship protect youth against exposure to violence in the neighborhood while controlling for situations where exposure is most likely to occur. Protective family management practices and internal locus of control significantly reduce exposure to community violence. Contrary to expectations, however, neighborhood collective efficacy exerted no effect. The findings emphasize the importance of considering family management practices and individual characteristics as protective factors against harmful environments. Further, guardianship is not restricted to external informal agents of control.

Collective Efficacy and Violence in Chicago Neighborhoods: A Reproduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Maxwell ◽  
Joel H. Garner ◽  
Wesley G. Skogan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Measure ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Archived Data

This research tests the reproducibility of the neighborhood-level effects of social composition and collective efficacy on community violence that Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls reported in a Science article entitled “Neighborhood and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Based upon data from a resident survey, the U.S. Census, and official homicide reports from Chicago, Sampson et al. found that neighborhood collective efficacy directly affects perceived neighborhood violence, household victimization, and homicide rates. In addition, they reported that the relationship between residential stability and concentrated disadvantage with each measure of violence is mediated after adding their collective efficacy measure to the regression models. This article uses Earls, Brooks-Gunn, Raudenbush, and Sampson’s archived data collection and other archived data collections to assess the extent to which Sampson et al.’s core substantive findings are independently reproducible. While the reanalysis identified some differences between the archived data and the information provided in Sampson et al., the reanalysis produced findings in the same reported direction and statistical significance for virtually all of Sampson et al.’s core substantive outcomes. This confirmation of their key conclusions provides added confidence in their collective efficacy thesis and enhances the prospects for extending it by assessing the degree to which it also affects other crime types and whether these effects persist over time.

Assessing the Role of Local Communication Networks in Neighborhood Disorder and Crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Local Communication ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

This study conceptualizes local communication networks as a unique source of neighborhood collective efficacy. Data from the Seattle Neighborhoods and Crime Survey were used to create neighborhood-level measures of structural factors, friendship/kinship networks, organizational participation, local communication networks, collective efficacy, disorder, and crime victimization. Results indicate that socioeconomic status and residential stability have positive effects on local communication networks. The measure of local communication networks is positively related to collective efficacy, which in turn has decreased effects on disorder and crime victimization. Implications are discussed in terms of the role of communication in building a safe community.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones ◽  
Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Income

Neighborhood income and social capital are considered important for child development, but social capital has rarely been measured directly at an aggregate level. We used Canadian data to derive measures of social capital from aggregated parental judgments of neighborhood collective efficacy and neighborhood safety. Measures of neighborhood income came from Census data. Direct measures of preschoolers’ school readiness were predicted from neighborhood-level variables, with regional indicators and household/parental characteristics taken into account. Our findings show that (1) residing in Quebec, being Black, and having a parent who was born outside Canada are positively associated with children’s living in disadvantaged or low collective efficacy neighborhoods as well as with their living in low-income households. (2) Children’s odds of residential mobility were reduced when the origin neighborhood had higher collective efficacy but increased when the family rented rather than owned. (3) Both neighborhood collective efficacy and children’s ever having lived in a poor neighborhood were correlated with receptive vocabulary scores, but results were mixed for other cognitive dimensions. Children of younger mothers scored worse on receptive vocabulary. There were similar patterns for demographic predictors related to visible minority status, sibship size, and birth order. Neighborhood average income had no effect on cognitive outcomes when the region was controlled.

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