Drinking water and sanitation conditions are associated with the risk of malaria among children under five years old in sub-Saharan Africa: A logistic regression model analysis of national survey data

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the highest under-five mortality and low childhood immunization region in the world. Children in Sub-Saharan Africa are 15 times more likely to die than children from high-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of under-five deaths are preventable through immunization. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of full childhood immunization among children aged 12–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Data for the study was drawn from the Demographic and Health Survey of nine sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 21,448 children were included. The two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with full childhood immunization Result The prevalence of full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa countries was 59.40% (95% CI: 58.70, 60.02). The multilevel logistic regression model revealed that secondary and above maternal education (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.53), health facility delivery (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.63), fathers secondary education and above (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.48), four and above ANC visits (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.30), PNC visit(AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65), rich wealth index (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.40), media exposure (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18), and distance to health facility is not a big problem (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.47) were significantly associated with full childhood immunization. Conclusion The full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa was poor with high inequalities. There is a significant variation between SSA countries in full childhood immunization. Therefore, public health programs targeting uneducated mothers and fathers, rural mothers, poor households, and those who have not used maternal health care services to promote full childhood immunization to improve child health. By enhancing institutional delivery, antenatal care visits and maternal tetanus immunization, the government and other stakeholders should work properly to increase child immunization coverage. Furthermore, policies and programs aimed at addressing cluster variations in childhood immunization need to be formulated and their implementation must be strongly pursued.

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Timely initiation of antenatal care and its associated factors among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: A multicountry analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262411 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262411

Author(s):

Adugnaw Zeleke Alem ◽

Yigizie Yeshaw ◽

Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew ◽

Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽

Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Regression Model ◽

Health Facility ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Ssa Countries

Background Timely initiation of antenatal care (ANC) is an important component of ANC services that improve the health of the mother and the newborn. Mothers who begin attending ANC in a timely manner, can fully benefit from preventive and curative services. However, evidence in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) indicated that the majority of pregnant mothers did not start their first visit timely. As our search concerned, there is no study that incorporates a large number of sub-Saharan Africa countries. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of timely initiation of ANC and its associated factors in 36 sSA countries. Methods The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 36 sSA countries were used for the analysis. The total weighted sample of 233,349 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey and who had ANC visit for their last child were included. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to examine the individual and community-level factors that influence the timely initiation of ANC. Results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In this study, overall timely initiation of ANC visit was 38.0% (95% CI: 37.8–38.2), ranging from 14.5% in Mozambique to 68.6% in Liberia. In the final multilevel logistic regression model:- women with secondary education (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.11), higher education (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.51), women aged 25–34 years (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.23), ≥35 years (AOR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.35), women from richest household (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.22), women perceiving distance from the health facility as not a big problem (AOR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.07), women exposed to media (AOR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.26, 1.32), women living in communities with medium percentage of literacy (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.40, 1.63), and women living in communities with high percentage of literacy (AOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.38, 1.76) were more likely to initiate ANC timely. However, women who wanted their pregnancy later (AOR = 0.84; 95%CI: 0.82, 0.86), wanted no more pregnancy (AOR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.77, 0.83), and women residing in the rural area (AOR = 0.90; 95%CI: 0.87, 0.92) were less likely to initiate ANC timely. Conclusion Even though the WHO recommends all women initiate ANC within 12 weeks of gestation, sSA recorded a low overall prevalence of timely initiation of ANC. Maternal education, pregnancy intention, residence, age, wealth status, media exposure, distance from health facility, and community-level literacy were significantly associated with timely initiation of ANC. Therefore, intervention efforts should focus on the identified factors in order to improve timely initiation of ANC in sSA. This can be done through the providing information and education to the community on the timing and importance of attending antenatal care and family planning to prevent unwanted pregnancy, especially in rural settings.

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Determinants of Stunting Among Under-Five Years Children Using the Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mathematics and Mathematics Education (ICMMEd 2020) ◽

10.2991/assehr.k.210508.096 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marisa Rifada ◽

Nur Chamidah ◽

Putri Nuraini ◽

Faris Dwiki Gunawan ◽

Lailatul Muniroh

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Under Five ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

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Change in knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2017: an analysis of national survey data

The Lancet Global Health ◽

10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30089-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. S4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaochen Dai ◽

Haidong Wang

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

National Survey ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Hiv Aids

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Coverage of malaria protection in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis and analysis of national survey data

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70295-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 190-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Anna Maria van Eijk ◽

Jenny Hill ◽

Victor A Alegana ◽

Viola Kirui ◽

Peter W Gething ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Survey Data ◽

National Survey ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Malaria Protection

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Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06864-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amanuel Mengistu Merera

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Regression Model ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

P Value ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Rural Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 to 33.5%. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 7911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results The total ARI prevalence rate among 7911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8%), followed by Tigray (12.7%), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4%). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR = 2.170, 95% CI: 1.631–2.887), mother’s no education (AOR = 2.050,95% CI: 1.017–4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR = 2.387, 95% CI:1.176–4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR = 1.926, 95% CI:1.578–2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR = 0.257, 95% CI: 0.210–0.314), mothers not working (AOR = 0.773, 95% CI:0.630–0.948), not stunted (AOR = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.552–0.796), and not improved water source (AOR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.395–2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

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Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection among Under-Five Children in Rural Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-811643/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanuel Mengistu Merera

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Regression Model ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

P Value ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Rural Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction: In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 % to 33.5 %. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 7,911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results: The total ARI prevalence rate among 7,911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8 %), followed by Tigray (12.7 %), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4 %). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR=2.170, 95% CI: 1.631-2.887), mother’s no education (AOR=2.050,95% CI: 1.017-4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR=2.387, 95% CI:1.176-4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR=1.926, 95% CI:1.578-2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR=0.257, 95% CI: 0.210-0.314), mothers not working (AOR=0.773, 95% CI:0.630-0.948), not stunted (AOR=0.663, 95% CI: 0.552-0.796), and not improved water source (AOR=1.715, 95% CI: 1.395-2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions: Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

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Determinants of stunting among under-five years children in Ethiopia from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and Health Survey: Application of ordinal logistic regression model using complex sampling designs

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.cegh.2019.09.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 404-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haile Mekonnen Fenta ◽

Demeke Lakew Workie ◽

Dereje Tesfaye Zike ◽

Belaynew Wassie Taye ◽

Prafulla Kumar Swain

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Health Survey ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Under Five ◽

Complex Sampling ◽

Complex Sampling Designs ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

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Neonatal near Miss and Its Predictors among Neonates Delivered at Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia; A Retrospective Analysis

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2020/1092479 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Habtamu Abie Tassew ◽

Fisseha Yetwale Kassie ◽

Muhabaw Shumye Mihret

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

General Hospital ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Near Miss ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Mortality Reduction ◽

Neonatal Near Miss

Background. In many low-resource countries, the progress of neonatal mortality reduction is very slow. The scenario is notably true in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. For every neonatal death, there are lots of near missed neonates. Generating evidences on the extent and predictors of neonatal near miss is a key step in neonatal mortality reduction efforts. However, there is limited evidence in this aspect in Ethiopia. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the proportion of neonatal near miss and associated factors among neonates delivered at Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 neonates delivered at Debretabor General Hospital from July 1st, 2018, to June 30th, 2019. Both pragmatic and management criteria of definition of neonatal near miss were utilized. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the cards of the study participants. Data were extracted with structured and pretested checklist, entered in the EpiData, and then exported to SPSS version 20. Both descriptive and analytical procedures have been done. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and cross tabulations were carried out. The binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p value < 0.20 were entered in the multivariable logistic regression model. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios with the corresponding 95% CI were computed. The level of significance has been claimed based on the adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and its p value of ≤0.05. Results. The proportion of neonates experiencing near miss was obtained to be 32.2% with 95% CI (28, 36). Rural residence (AOR=4.41; 95% CI: 2.57,7.55), incomplete ANC visit (AOR=3.16; 95% CI: 1.90,5.25), primiparous (AOR=2.55; 95% CI: 1.59,4.12), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR=3.23; 95% CI: 1.19,8.78), premature rupture of membrane (AOR=4.65; 95% CI: 1.70,12,73), cephalic-pelvic disproportion (AOR=3.05; 95% CI: 1.32,7.01), and antepartum hemorrhage (AOR=4.95; 95% CI: 1.89,12.96) were the independent predictors of neonatal near-miss. Conclusion and Recommendations. The proportion of neonatal near miss was found to be high in the study setting. Most of the determinants of near miss are modifiable obstetric-related factors. Hence, stakeholders need to consider the aforesaid factors while they design interventions.

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