Compound-specific radiocarbon dating of lipid residues in pottery vessels: A new approach for detecting the exploitation of marine resources

2022 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 105528
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Casanova ◽  
Timothy D.J. Knowles ◽  
Alex Bayliss ◽  
Caitlin Walton-Doyle ◽  
Alistair Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
New Approach

Ramped pyroxidation: A new approach for radiocarbon dating of lime mortars

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 105366
Author(s):  
Gerard Thomas Barrett ◽  
Evelyn Keaveney ◽  
Alf Lindroos ◽  
Colm Donnelly ◽  
Thomas Schrøder Daugbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lime Mortars

scholarly journals Dating the Irrigation System of the Samarkand Oasis: A Geoarchaeological Study

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca C Malatesta ◽  
Sébastien Castelltort ◽  
Simone Mantellini ◽  
Vincenzo Picotti ◽  
Irka Hajdas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Southern Flank

The oasis of Samarkand in the Middle Zeravshan Valley (modern Uzbekistan) was a major political and economic center in ancient western Central Asia. The chronology of its irrigation system was, until now, only constrained by the quality and quantity of archaeological findings and several different hypotheses have been proposed for it. We use a new approach combining archaeological surveying, radiocarbon dating, sedimentary analysis, and the numerical modeling of a flood event to offer new evidence for, and quantitative dating of, the development of irrigation system on the southern flank of the Middle Zeravshan Valley. We analyzed 13 bones and charcoals from 3 archaeological sites and obtained new 14C ages from Afrasiab (ancient Samarkand), a dwelling damaged by flooding in the 2nd century AD (site code: SAM-174) and the fortress of Kafir Kala. We established the origin of sedimentary deposits at the sites to infer the presence of the 2 most important canals of the southern flank: the Dargom and the Yanghiaryk. Finally, we show with a numerical model of overland flow that a natural flood was unlikely to have produced the damage observed at SAM-174. The combined results of the study indicate that the canals south of Samarkand existed, and were mainly developed, in the 2nd century AD and were not connected to the main feeding canal of Afrasiab at that time.

New Approach to the Radiocarbon Dating of Rock Varnish, with Examples from Drylands

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald I. Dorn ◽  
Persis B. Clarkson ◽  
Margaret F. Nobbs ◽  
Lawrence L. Loendorf ◽  
D.S. Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rock Varnish

scholarly journals Hydropyrolysis: Implications for Radiocarbon Pretreatment and Characterization of Black Carbon

Radiocarbon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1336-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Ascough ◽  
M I Bird ◽  
W Meredith ◽  
R E Wood ◽  
C E Snape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
New Method ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration

Charcoal is the result of natural and anthropogenic burning events, when biomass is exposed to elevated temperatures under conditions of restricted oxygen. This process produces a range of materials, collectively known as pyrogenic carbon, the most inert fraction of which is known as black carbon (BC). BC degrades extremely slowly and is resistant to diagenetic alteration involving the addition of exogenous carbon, making it a useful target substance for radiocarbon dating particularly of more ancient samples, where contamination issues are critical. We present results of tests using a new method for the quantification and isolation of BC, known as hydropyrolysis (hypy). Results show controlled reductive removal of non-BC organic components in charcoal samples, including lignocellulosic and humic material. The process is reproducible and rapid, making hypy a promising new approach not only for isolation of purified BC for 14C measurement but also in quantification of different labile and resistant sample C fractions.

Radiocarbon Dating of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons A New Approach for Dating Passive-Fraction Carbon in Soil Horizons

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsong Huang ◽  
Baocai Li ◽  
Charlotte Bryant ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Geoffrey Eglinton
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
New Approach

Marine Resources Research Institute Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counter ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Institute

In January 1975 a radiocarbon dating laboratory was established at the Marine Resources Research Institute for geochemical and geologic studies. A liquid scintillation system is employed according to the method of Noakes, Kim, and Akers (1967). A Searle (Nuclear Chicago) Isocap 300 liquid scintillation counter is currently being used for counting. This system is a duplicate of the one formerly used at Texas A & M University except for the counter (Mathews et al, 1972)

scholarly journals Use and misuse of the seas around the Galápagos Archipelago

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Merlen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Marine Resource ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Maximum Expectation ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Although the Galapagos Islands were first colonized over 160 years ago, the major impact on the marine resources by local fishermen has occurred only during the last 40–45 years. During this period, and especially more recently, a lack of attention to the largely uncontrolled fishery has led to confusion, a conflict of interests, and a series of inapplicable laws and regulations. Changing markets, exploding human populations, and a new approach to marine resource exploitation, with minimum investment and maximum expectation, has led to a chaotic situation in which neither the fishermen nor the Galapagos National Park will ultimately benefit.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of δ18O-δD Plots in Late Pleistocene Ice-Wedges of the Duvanny Yar (Lower Kolyma River, Northern Yakutia)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurij K Vasil'chuk ◽  
Alla C Vasil'chuk ◽  
Dieter Rank ◽  
Walter Kutschera ◽  
Jong-Chan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Permafrost Sediment ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
Kolyma River

The Duvanny Yar cross-section located in the Lower Kolyma River valley of Northern Yakutia (69°N, 158°E, height above the Kolyma River level 55 m), has been studied and dated in detail by radiocarbon. The sequence mainly consists of sandy loam sediments with large syngenetic ice wedges. Their width at the top is 1–3.5 m. Allochthonous organic material occurs in high content, concentrating as 0.5–0.7 m lenses. Shrub fragments, twigs, and mammoth bones are accumulated in peaty layers. Through interpolation based on a series of 14C dates, dating of the host sediments provides an approximate age for the ice wedges. The 14C dates of various types of organic material are sometimes very close, but not all in agreement. Therefore, the dates do not accurately show the age of the δ18O and δD plots. A new approach is developed to a 14C dating strategy of syncryogenic sediments with high admixture of allochthonous organic material. The main purpose of this study is to consider detection of inversions or disturbances in the syngenetic permafrost sediment at the Duvanny Yar cross-section by 14C date series. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of the ice confirmed the relatively young age of ice wedges.

14C Dating of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in Loess-Paleosol Using Sequential Pyrolysis and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Weijian Zhou ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Lu ◽  
Hua Du
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Soc Fractions

The chemical extraction of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions from soils often does not produce satisfactory results for radiocarbon dating. In this study, a sequential pyrolysis technique was investigated. The soil was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C to partition organic carbon into pyrolytic volatile (Py-V) and pyrolytic residue (Py-R) fractions. The preliminary results show that the 14C dates of both fractions become progressively older as the pyrolysis temperature is increased. In addition, the ages of the Py-V fractions are consistently younger than the corresponding Py-R fractions extracted at the same temperature. Experimental results of known-age paleosol samples indicate that the Py-V fractions obtained between 600 and 800 °C yield the most reliable ages. This technique provides a new approach to improve the accuracy of 14C dating of loess-paleosol sequences.

scholarly journals Dating the Irrigation System of the Samarkand Oasis: A Geoarchaeological Study

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Luca C Malatesta ◽  
Sébastien Castelltort ◽  
Simone Mantellini ◽  
Vincenzo Picotti ◽  
Irka Hajdas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Southern Flank

The oasis of Samarkand in the Middle Zeravshan Valley (modern Uzbekistan) was a major political and economic center in ancient western Central Asia. The chronology of its irrigation system was, until now, only constrained by the quality and quantity of archaeological findings and several different hypotheses have been proposed for it. We use a new approach combining archaeological surveying, radiocarbon dating, sedimentary analysis, and the numerical modeling of a flood event to offer new evidence for, and quantitative dating of, the development of irrigation system on the southern flank of the Middle Zeravshan Valley. We analyzed 13 bones and charcoals from 3 archaeological sites and obtained new14C ages from Afrasiab (ancient Samarkand), a dwelling damaged by flooding in the 2nd century AD (site code: SAM-174) and the fortress of Kafir Kala. We established the origin of sedimentary deposits at the sites to infer the presence of the 2 most important canals of the southern flank: the Dargom and the Yanghiaryk. Finally, we show with a numerical model of overland flow that a natural flood was unlikely to have produced the damage observed at SAM-174. The combined results of the study indicate that the canals south of Samarkand existed, and were mainly developed, in the 2nd century AD and were not connected to the main feeding canal of Afrasiab at that time.

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