Th17 cells, γδ T cells and their interplay in EAE and multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife M. McGinley ◽  
Sarah C. Edwards ◽  
Mathilde Raverdeau ◽  
Kingston H.G. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells

scholarly journals Association of Decreased Percentage of Vδ2+Vγ9+ γδ T Cells With Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzailiayi Maimaitijiang ◽  
Koji Shinoda ◽  
Yuri Nakamura ◽  
Katsuhisa Masaki ◽  
Takuya Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Γδ T Cells

RORγT is overexpressed in iNKT and γδ T cells during relapse in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 577046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał K. Zarobkiewicz ◽  
Wioleta Kowalska ◽  
Paweł Halczuk ◽  
Justyna Woś ◽  
Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

scholarly journals The Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-related Immunopathological Responses in the Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Jafarzadeh ◽  
Maryam Nemati ◽  
Hossain Khorramdelazad ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play principle roles in recognition of autologous components which have been pointed as the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) and microbial components which are identified as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP).The infiltration of various inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, lymphocytes (CD4+ T, CD8+ T as well as B cells), monocytes and macrophages occur into the central nervous sys­tem (CNS) during multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model named experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The infiltrated leukocytes and residential cells of the CNS express several TLRs (especially TLR2) and their expression are elevated in MS and EAE. TLR2 recognizes a large variety DAMP and PAMP molecules due to its ability to create heterodimers with TLR1, TLR6 and probably TLR10. A wide spectrum of  DAMP molecules, including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), HSP70, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), β-defensin 3, surfactant protein A and D, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, gangliosides, serum amyloid A, hyaluronic acid and biglycan are identified by TLR2, whose their expression is increased in MS patients. TLR2 may contribute in the development of MS and EAE diseases through the reinforcement of Th1/Th17 cell-related responses, downregulation of regulatory T cells, induction of IL-17+ γδ T cells, inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation, induction of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent pathway in microglia, macrophages and astrocytes and inhibition of type I interferons expression. The contribution of TLR2-related immunopathological responses in the MS and EAE pathogenesis and its possible targeting as promising therapeutic potentials are considered in this review. 

scholarly journals γδ T Cells Participating in Nervous Systems: A Story of Jekyll and Hyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxuan Li ◽  
Yixi Zhang ◽  
Xun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

γδ T cells are distributed in various lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, and act as early responders in many conditions. Previous studies have proven their significant roles in infection, cancer, autoimmune diseases and tissue maintenance. Recently, accumulating researches have highlighted the crosstalk between γδ T cells and nervous systems. In these reports, γδ T cells maintain some physiological functions of central nervous system by secreting interleukin (IL) 17, and neurons like nociceptors can in turn regulate the activity of γδ T cells. Moreover, γδ T cells are involved in neuroinflammation such as stroke and multiple sclerosis. This review illustrates the relationship between γδ T cells and nervous systems in physiological and pathological conditions.

γδ T cells and multiple sclerosis: Friends, foes, or both?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Chen ◽  
Mark S. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells

scholarly journals Long-term use of interferon-β in multiple sclerosis increases Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− γδ T cells that are associated with a better outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guzailiayi Maimaitijiang ◽  
Mitsuru Watanabe ◽  
Koji Shinoda ◽  
Noriko Isobe ◽  
Yuri Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Memory B Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Γδ T Cell ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Disease Modifying

Abstract Background We previously reported that Vδ2+Vγ9+ γδ T cells were significantly decreased in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients without disease-modifying therapies (untreated MS) and were negatively correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, suggesting protective roles of Vδ2+Vγ9+ γδ T cells. Interferon-β (IFN-β) is one of the first-line disease-modifying drugs for MS. However, no previous studies have reported changes in γδ T cell subsets under IFN-β treatment. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of the long-term usage of IFN-β on γδ T cell subsets in MS patients. Methods Comprehensive flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed in 35 untreated MS and 21 MS patients on IFN-β for more than 2 years (IFN-β-treated MS) including eight super-responders fulfilling no evidence of disease activity criteria, and 44 healthy controls (HCs). Results The percentages of Vδ2+Vγ9+ cells in γδ T cells were significantly lower in untreated and IFN-β-treated MS patients than in HCs. By contrast, the percentages of Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− cells in γδ T cells were markedly higher in IFN-β-treated MS patients than in HCs and untreated MS patients (both p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation between the percentages of Vδ2+Vγ9+ cells in γδ T cells and EDSS scores was confirmed in untreated MS but not evident in IFN-β-treated MS. Moreover, class-switched memory B cells were decreased in IFN-β-treated MS compared with HCs (p < 0.001) and untreated MS patients (p = 0.006). Interestingly, the percentages of Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− cells in γδ T cells were negatively correlated with class-switched memory B cell percentages in all MS patients (r = − 0.369, p = 0.005), and the percentages of Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− cells in Vδ1−Vδ2− γδ T cells were negatively correlated with EDSS scores only in IFN-β super-responders (r = − 0.976, p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study suggests that long-term usage of IFN-β increases Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− γδ T cells, which are associated with a better outcome, especially in IFN-β super-responders. Thus, increased Vδ1−Vδ2−Vγ9− cells together with decreased class-switched memory B cells may contribute to the suppression of disease activity in MS patients under IFN-β treatment.

scholarly journals IL-15 Is Overexpressed in γδ T Cells and Correlates with Disease Severity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4174
Author(s):  
Michał K. Zarobkiewicz ◽  
Wioleta Kowalska ◽  
Izabela Morawska ◽  
Paweł Halczuk ◽  
Konrad Rejdak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis ◽  
Distinct Subset ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Interleukin 15 ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). An animal study revealed a distinct subset of IL-15-producing γδ T cells that correlate with disease severity. The aim of the current study was to test whether such a subset is also present in humans and its importance for the pathogenesis of MS. The peripheral blood from 29 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (including 6 relapses) and 22 controls was stained with monoclonal antibodies and analyzed with flow cytometry. The existence of IL-15+ γδ T cells was confirmed. Moreover, the percentage of IL-15+ γδ T is significantly increased in MS patients and correlates with disease severity. Nevertheless, additional functional studies are needed to fully understand the importance of those cells in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis

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