The human patellar tendon moment arm assessed in vivo using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Context Genetic improvements in modern strains have led to continuous increments in broiler growth rates, which, as a consequence, have resulted in higher economic returns for broiler producers over the last decades. Aim The present study was conducted to characterise the potential growth of the body and feathers of Cobb 500, Hubbard Flex and Ross 308 male and female broilers, as well as to assess the changes in chemical composition that occur up to 16 weeks of age. Methods Birds were fed isoenergetic diets divided in four phases and formulated to marginally exceed the nutritional requirements of the strains throughout the growing period. They were maintained in a controlled environment so as not to limit growth. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner was used to follow the in vivo body composition of 12 broilers of each strain and sex (total of 72 broilers), and the feather weight and composition was determined in four birds of each strain and sex selected at intervals during the growing period (total of 288 broilers) through comparative slaughter with later chemical analysis. Key results Parameters of Gompertz growth curve to describe the strains were estimated for body and feather weight as well as for the growth of their chemical components. Conclusion Differences in the growth rates between strains were evident, indicating the possible differences in selection methods used by geneticists in the different breeding companies. These genetic parameters would explain part of the variation on broiler´s performance which impacts on the way they should be fed and housed during growth. Implications The accurate description of genetic growth potential is useful information to be associated with factorial models that predict nutritional and feed intake requirements of birds. The main advantage of DXA technology is to decrease the variation of body deposition on the Gompertz model, resulting from the use of the same bird throughout its life. Despite the speed of obtaining chemical values of the body, the method is unsuitable for measuring the growth of feathers, which is also important data to be collected and related to the broiler strains.

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Inaccuracies inherent in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vivo bone mineral densitometry may flaw osteopenic/osteoporotic interpretations and mislead assessment of antiresorptive therapy effectiveness

Bone ◽

10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00423-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 548-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

H.H Bolotin

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Antiresorptive Therapy ◽

X Ray ◽

Therapy Effectiveness ◽

Bone Mineral Densitometry

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A multicenter comparison of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers: In vivo and in vitro measurements of bone mineral content and density

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.5650110217 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 275-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Christina D. Economos ◽

Miriam E. Nelson ◽

Maria A. Fiatarone ◽

Gerard E. Dallal ◽

Steven B. Heymsfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Dual Energy ◽

X Ray ◽

In Vitro Measurements

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Bone Mineral Densities and Mechanical Properties of Retrieved Femoral Bone Samples in relation to Bone Mineral Densities Measured in the Respective Patients

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/242403 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yvonne Haba ◽

Ralf Skripitz ◽

Tobias Lindner ◽

Martin Köckerling ◽

Andreas Fritsche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Hip Replacement ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Femoral Bone ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray

The bone mineral density (BMD) of retrieved cancellous bone samples is compared to the BMD measuredin vivoin the respective osteoarthritic patients. Furthermore, mechanical properties, in terms of structural modulus (Es) and ultimate compression strength (σmax) of the bone samples, are correlated to BMD data. Human femoral heads were retrieved from 13 osteoarthritic patients undergoing total hip replacement. Subsequently, the BMD of each bone sample was analysed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as well as ashing. Furthermore, BMDs of the proximal femur were analysed preoperatively in the respective patients by DXA. BMDs of the femoral neck and head showed a wide variation, from1016±166 mg/cm2to1376±404 mg/cm2. BMDs of the bone samples measured by DXA and ashing yielded values of315±199 mg/cm2and347±113 mg/cm3, respectively.Esandσmaxamounted to232±151 N/mm2and6.4±3.7 N/mm2. Significant correlation was found between the DXA and ashing data on the bone samples and the DXA data from the patients at the femoral head (r=0.85and 0.79, resp.).Escorrelated significantly with BMD in the patients and bone samples as well as the ashing data (r=0.79,r=0.82, andr=0.8, resp.).

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