Characterizing forearm muscle activity in young adults during dynamic wrist flexion–extension movement using a wrist robot

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 109908
Author(s):  
Davis A. Forman ◽  
Garrick N. Forman ◽  
Edwin J. Avila-Mireles ◽  
Maddalena Mugnosso ◽  
Jacopo Zenzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Forearm Muscle

Combined effect of repetitive work and cold on muscle function and fatigue

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Oksa ◽  
Michel B. Ducharme ◽  
Hannu Rintamäki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Repetitive Work ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Forearm Muscle

This study compared the effect of repetitive work in thermoneutral and cold conditions on forearm muscle electromyogram (EMG) and fatigue. We hypothesize that cold and repetitive work together cause higher EMG activity and fatigue than repetitive work only, thus creating a higher risk for overuse injuries. Eight men performed six 20-min work bouts at 25°C (W-25) and at 5°C while exposed to systemic (C-5) and local cooling (LC-5). The work was wrist flexion-extension exercise at 10% maximal voluntary contraction. The EMG activity of the forearm flexors and extensors was higher during C-5 (31 and 30%, respectively) and LC-5 (25 and 28%, respectively) than during W-25 ( P < 0.05). On the basis of fatigue index (calculated from changes in maximal flexor force and flexor EMG activity), the fatigue in the forearm flexors at the end of W-25 was 15%. The corresponding values at the end of C-5 and LC-5 were 37% ( P < 0.05 in relation to W-25) and 20%, respectively. Thus repetitive work in the cold causes higher EMG activity and fatigue than repetitive work in thermoneutral conditions.

scholarly journals Sustained Isometric Wrist Flexion and Extension Maximal Voluntary Contractions on Corticospinal Excitability to Forearm Muscles during Low-Intensity Hand-Gripping

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Davis A. Forman ◽  
Garrick N. Forman ◽  
Bernadette A. Murphy ◽  
Michael W. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
Wrist Flexors

The wrist extensors demonstrate an earlier fatigue onset than the wrist flexors. However, it is currently unclear whether fatigue induces unique changes in muscle activity or corticospinal excitability between these muscle groups. The purpose of this study was to examine how sustained isometric wrist extension/flexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) influence muscle activity and corticospinal excitability of the forearm. Corticospinal excitability to three wrist flexors and three wrist extensors were measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Responses were elicited while participants exerted 10% of their maximal handgrip force, before and after a sustained wrist flexion or extension MVC (performed on separate sessions). Post-fatigue measures were collected up to 10-min post-fatigue. Immediately post-fatigue, extensor muscle activity was significantly greater following the wrist flexion fatigue session, although corticospinal excitability (normalized to muscle activity) was greater on the wrist extension day. Responses were largely unchanged in the wrist flexors. However, for the flexor carpi ulnaris, normalized MEP amplitudes were significantly larger following wrist extension fatigue. These findings demonstrate that sustained isometric flexion/extension MVCs result in a complex reorganization of forearm muscle recruitment strategies during hand-gripping. Based on these findings, previously observed corticospinal behaviour following fatigue may not apply when the fatiguing task and measurement task are different.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) for Fingers and Wrist Grounded-Exoskeleton Rehabilitation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Husam Almusawi ◽  
Géza Husi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Continuous Passive Motion ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Design Characteristics

Impairments of fingers, wrist, and hand forearm result in significant hand movement deficiencies and daily task performance. Most of the existing rehabilitation assistive robots mainly focus on either the wrist training or fingers, and they are limiting the natural motion; many mechanical parts associated with the patient’s arms, heavy and expensive. This paper presented the design and development of a new, cost-efficient Finger and wrist rehabilitation mechatronics system (FWRMS) suitable for either hand right or left. The proposed machine aimed to present a solution to guide individuals with severe difficulties in their everyday routines for people suffering from a stroke or other motor diseases by actuating seven joints motions and providing them repeatable Continuous Passive Motion (CPM). FWRMS approach uses a combination of; grounded-exoskeleton structure to provide the desired displacement to the hand’s four fingers flexion/extension (F/E) driven by an indirect feed drive mechanism by adopting a leading screw and nut transmission; and an end-effector structure to provide angular velocity to the wrist flexion/ extension (F/E), wrist radial/ulnar deviation (R/U), and forearm supination/pronation (S/P) driven by a rotational motion mechanism. We employed a single dual-sided actuator to power both mechanisms. Additionally, this article presents the implementation of a portable embedded controller. Moreover, this paper addressed preliminary experimental testing and evaluation process. The conducted test results of the FWRMS robot achieved the required design characteristics and executed the motion needed for the continuous passive motion rehabilitation and provide stable trajectories guidance by following the natural range of motion (ROM) and a functional workspace of the targeted joints comfortably for all trainable movements by FWRMS.

scholarly journals Back-Support Exoskeleton Control Strategy for Pulling Activities: Design and Preliminary Evaluation

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Maria Lazzaroni ◽  
Tommaso Poliero ◽  
Matteo Sposito ◽  
Stefano Toxiri ◽  
Darwin G. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Measurements ◽  
Spinal Muscles ◽  
Forearm Muscle

The execution of manual material handling activities in the workplace exposes workers to large lumbar loads that increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and low back pain. In particular, the redesign of the workplace is making the execution of pulling activities more common, as an alternative to lifting and carrying tasks. The biomechanical analysis of the task revealed a substantial activation of the spinal muscles. This suggests that the user may benefit from the assistance of a back-support exoskeleton that reduces the spinal muscle activity and their contribution to lumbar compression. This work addresses this challenge by exploiting the versatility of an active back-support exoskeleton. A control strategy was specifically designed for assisting pulling that modulates the assistive torques using the forearm muscle activity. These torques are expected to adapt to the user’s assistance needs and the pulled object mass, as forearm muscle activity is considered an indicator of grip strength. We devised laboratory experiments to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. We found that, for the majority of the subjects, back muscle activity reductions were associated with the exoskeleton use. Furthermore, subjective measurements reveal advantages in terms of perceived support, comfort, ease of use, and intuitiveness.

The immediate effect of foot orthoses on gluteal and lower limb muscle activity during overground walking in healthy young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Adam I. Semciw ◽  
Viji N. Visvalingam ◽  
Charlotte Ganderton ◽  
Peter Lawrenson ◽  
Paul W. Hodges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Overground Walking

Quantification of Hand Grip Force under Dynamic Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Lehman ◽  
W. Gary Allread ◽  
P. Lawrence Wright ◽  
William S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Radial Deviation ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Maximum Grip ◽  
Lower Grip

A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether grip force capabilities are lower when the wrist is moved than in a static position. The purpose was to determine the wrist velocity levels and wrist postures that had the most significant effect on grip force. Maximum grip forces of five male and five female subjects were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. The dominant wrist of each subject was secured to a CYBEX II dynamometer and grip force was collected during isokinetic wrist deviations for four directions of motion (flexion to extension, extension to flexion, radial to ulnar, and ulnar to radial). Six different velocity levels were analyzed and grip forces were recorded at specific wrist positions throughout each range of movement. For flexion-extension motions, wrist positions from 45 degrees flexion to 45 degrees extension were analyzed whereas positions from 20 degrees radial deviation to 20 degrees ulnar deviation were studied for radial-ulnar activity. Isometric exertions were also performed at each desired wrist position. Results showed that, for all directions of motion, grip forces for all isokinetic conditions were significantly lower than for the isometric exertions. Lower grip forces were exhibited at extreme wrist flexion and extreme radial and ulnar positions for both static and dynamic conditions. The direction of motion was also found to affect grip strength; extension to flexion exertions produced larger grip forces than flexion to extension exertions and radial to ulnar motion showed larger grip forces than ulnar to radial deviation. Although, males produced larger grip forces than females in all exertions, significant interactions between gender and velocity were noted.

Arthroscopic ligament-specific repair for triangular fibrocartilage complex foveal avulsions: a minimum 2-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
pp. 175319342095790
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Margareta Arianni ◽  
Feiran Wu
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Triangular Fibrocartilage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Viable Method

This study reports the arthroscopic ligament-specific repair of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) that anatomically restores both the volar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments into their individual foveal footprints. Twenty-five patients underwent arthroscopic ligament-specific repair with clinical and radiological diagnoses of TFCC foveal avulsions. The mean age was 28 years (range 14–47) and the mean follow-up was 31 months (range 24–47). Following arthroscopic assessment, 20 patients underwent double limb radioulnar ligament repairs and five had single limb repairs. At final follow-up, there were significant improvements in wrist flexion–extension, forearm pronation–supination and grip strength. There were also significant improvements in pain and patient-reported outcomes as assessed by the patient-rated wrist evaluation, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and modified Mayo wrist scores. Arthroscopic ligament-specific repair of the TFCC does not require specialist dedicated equipment or consumables and offers a viable method of treating these injuries. Level of evidence: IV

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