Unraveling the role of PIN auxin efflux carriers in mediating polar auxin transport and accumulation in Zea mays: phylogenetic analysis, expression patterns and subcellular trafficking

2010 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
C. Forestan ◽  
S. Varotto
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Subcellular Trafficking ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers

scholarly journals The Phosphoglycerate Kinase (PGK) Gene Family of Maize (Zea mays var. B73)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Julio A. Massange-Sánchez ◽  
Luz E. Casados-Vázquez ◽  
Sheila Juarez-Colunga ◽  
Ruairidh J. H. Sawers ◽  
Axel Tiessen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
And Function ◽  
Distinct Role

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK, E.C. 2.7.2.3) interconverts ADP + 1,3-bisphospho-glycerate (1,3-bPGA) to ATP + 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). While most bacteria have a single pgk gene and mammals possess two copies, plant genomes contain three or more PGK genes. In this study, we identified five Pgk genes in the Zea mays var. B73 genome, predicted to encode proteins targeted to different subcellular compartments: ZmPgk1, ZmPgk2, and ZmPgk4 (chloroplast), ZmPgk3 (cytosol), and ZmPgk5 (nucleus). The expression of ZmPgk3 was highest in non-photosynthetic tissues (roots and cobs), where PGK activity was also greatest, consistent with a function in glycolysis. Green tissues (leaf blade and husk leaf) showed intermediate levels of PGK activity, and predominantly expressed ZmPgk1 and ZmPgk2, suggesting involvement in photosynthetic metabolism. ZmPgk5 was weakly expressed and ZmPgk4 was not detected in any tissue. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants clustered together, but were distinct from PGKs of animals, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria, indicating that photosynthetic and glycolytic isozymes of plants diversified after the divergence of the plant lineage from other groups. These results show the distinct role of each PGK in maize and provide the basis for future studies into the regulation and function of this key enzyme.

scholarly journals Ethylene Does Not Promote Adventitious Root Initiation on Apple Microcuttings

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Harbage ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Transport Inhibitors

We investigated the role of ethylene on adventitious rooting of `Gala' (easy-to-root) and `Triple Red Delicious' (difficult-to-root) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) microcuttings. Root count increased significantly as IBA level increased, with highest root counts on `Gala'. Ethylene evolution increased significantly with IBA level without significant differences between cultivars. Basal section removal of microcuttings in the area of root origin reduced root count without changing ethylene evolution. Ethylene treatment of proliferated shoots before microcutting excision failed to enhance rooting. IBA-induced ethylene evolution was eliminated nearly by AVG, but root count remained IBA dependent. ACC reversed IBA plus AVG rooting inhibition, but ACC alone failed to influence root count. Polar auxin transport inhibitors NPA and TIBA stimulated ethylene evolution without increasing root count. Adventitious rooting of apple microcuttings was not associated with ethylene. Chemical names used: 1-H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG); 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC); 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA); N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA).

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Genetic Assimilation during Maize Domestication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lorant ◽  
Sarah Pedersen ◽  
Irene Holst ◽  
Matthew B. Hufford ◽  
Klaus Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Assimilation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Maize Domestication

ABSTRACTDomestication research has largely focused on identification of morphological and genetic differences between extant populations of crops and their wild relatives. Little attention has been paid to the potential effects of environment despite substantial known changes in climate from the time of domestication to modern day. Recent research, in which maize and teosinte (i.e., wild maize) were exposed to environments similar to the time of domestication, resulted in a plastic induction of domesticated phenotypes in teosinte and little response to environment in maize. These results suggest that early agriculturalists may have selected for genetic mechanisms that cemented domestication phenotypes initially induced by a plastic response of teosinte to environment, a process known as genetic assimilation. To better understand this phenomenon and the potential role of environment in maize domestication, we examined differential gene expression in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) between past and present conditions. We identified a gene set of over 2000 loci showing a change in expression across environmental conditions in teosinte and invariance in maize. In fact, overall we observed both greater plasticity in gene expression and more substantial re-wiring of expression networks in teosinte across environments when compared to maize. While these results suggest genetic assimilation played at least some role in domestication, genes showing expression patterns consistent with assimilation are not significantly enriched for previously identified domestication candidates, indicating assimilation did not have a genome-wide effect.

scholarly journals The role of Arabidopsis Actin-Related Protein 3 in amyloplast sedimentation and polar auxin transport in root gravitropism

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (18) ◽  
pp. 5325-5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Zou ◽  
Zhong-Yu Zheng ◽  
Shan Xue ◽  
Han-Hai Li ◽  
Yu-Ren Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Root Gravitropism

scholarly journals Auxin transport network underlies xylem bridge formation between the hemi-parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and host Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Wakatake ◽  
Satoko Yoshida ◽  
Ken Shirasu
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Tracheary Element Differentiation ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Bridge Formation ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers

ABSTRACTParasitic plants form vascular connections to host plants for efficient material transport. The haustorium is the responsible organ for host invasion and subsequent vascular connection. After invasion of host tissues, vascular meristem-like cells emerge in the central region of the haustorium, differentiate into tracheary elements, and establish a connection, known as a xylem bridge, between parasite and host xylem systems. Despite the importance of this parasitic connection, the regulatory mechanisms of xylem bridge formation are unknown. Here we show the role of auxin and auxin transporters during the process of xylem bridge formation using an Orobanchaceae hemiparasitic plant, Phtheirospermum japonicum. The auxin response marker DR5 has a similar expression pattern to tracheary element differentiation genes in haustoria. Auxin transport inhibitors alter tracheary element differentiation in haustoria, but biosynthesis inhibitors do not, demonstrating the importance of auxin transport during xylem bridge formation. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of PIN family auxin efflux carriers and AUX/LAX influx carriers correlate with DR5 expression patterns. The cooperative action of auxin transporters is therefore responsible for controlling xylem vessel connections between parasite and host.

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