A case study on raw material blending for the recycling of ferrous wastes in a blast furnace

To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF SURFICIAL URANIUM DEPOSITS: OUM DHEROUA CASE STUDY (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA)

10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/10 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariia Kurylo ◽

Ivan Virshylo

Keyword(s):

Clean Energy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Open Pit ◽

Open Pit Mining ◽

Material Base ◽

Uranium Deposits ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Lower Estimation

Uranium deposits and resources are considered as an important raw material base for the implementation of scenarios for the green and clean energy transition. Traditionally discussed risks of potential environmental impacts of Uranium projects development could be subdivided by deposit type. Surficial type mineralization connected to the calcretes in shallow paleovalleys or playas has many specific features which might be analysed separately. Case study of Oum Dheroua Uranium project in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania shows an unexpected lower estimation of environmental risks comparatively to conventional Uranium projects despite to open-pit mining technology. The reasons for such estimation, connected to geographic location, the inclusion of Uranium minerals in natural ecosystems and low scale of deposits (both in grade and size sense). Potential by-products (Vanadium and Strontium) are not part of environmental factors assessment.

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Lake levels, mobility and lithic raw material selection and reduction strategies: A Great Lakes case study

Environmental Archaeology ◽

10.1179/1749631413y.0000000001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 55-71

Author(s):

Robert A. Cook ◽

William A. Lovis

Keyword(s):

Great Lakes ◽

Material Selection ◽

Raw Material ◽

Lake Levels ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Raw Material Selection ◽

Lithic Raw Material

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The Transportation – Production Tradeoff in the Regional Environmental Impact of Industrial Systems: A Case Study in the Paper Sector

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a31184 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 817-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francis M Vanek

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental Policy ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Distribution System ◽

Raw Material ◽

Commodity Flow ◽

Industrial Systems ◽

Central United States ◽

Product Manufacturing

The author presents a methodology which is used first to model a product-manufacturing-and-distribution system, and then to predict the resulting changes in environmental impact from changes either in taxation or in costs of inputs. A case study of the paper sector in the eastern and central United States is developed, derived from the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey. From an analysis of five scenarios, two central findings arise: (1) the model is found to be unresponsive to even large changes in transport taxation, so an environmental policy which considers both transportation and production aspects at the same time is favored, and (2) fluctuations in raw-material costs can have an influence on environmental impact as great as or greater than that of changes in taxation levels.

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Evaluasi Sistem Pengendalian Internal Persediaan Bahan Baku

Journal of Economic Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) ◽

10.31539/costing.v3i1.750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 198-207

Author(s):

Agung Ivan Firdaus ◽

Norita Cahya Yuliarti ◽

Ach Syahfrudin Z

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Internal Control ◽

Study Data ◽

Raw Material ◽

Internal Control System ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Data Source ◽

A Company ◽

Research Type

Internal Control is a process that is controlled by each person in a company to achieve stated objectives such as: complying with regulations and laws, securing company assets and data, accuracy of financial statements and efficiency and operating effectiveness. This research was conducted to evaluate the internal ctheontrol system of raw material inventory which was been applied. Makmur Jaya.the type of research used descriptive is descriptive qualitative research type with case study approuch that describes and explains a problem in systematic and factual so that by collecting information related to the object under study. Data source used in primary and secoundary data source. The data collection technical used are obervations. Interviews and documentantation. Data analisys technique is done by collectiong data, describing the internal control system of raw material inventory applied by the company, then evaluate the internal control system applied. Makmur Jaya based on the control environment, risk assesment, control activities information and communication and monitoring. The results of this study indicate that the internal control sytem applied is bad cause there are double control is one human. Keyword : Internal Control System, Raw Material Inventory

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Uso da argila no processo produtivo da cerâmica vermelha: Um estudo de caso no município de Paudalho, Pernambuco

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i1.2894 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Y. M. Paz ◽

R. M. Holanda ◽

S. G. El-Deir

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Production Process ◽

High Availability ◽

Raw Material ◽

Renewable Natural Resources ◽

Ceramic Blocks ◽

Renewable Natural Resource ◽

The City ◽

Red Ceramics

As frações granulométricas do solo são consideradas recursos naturais não renováveis, devido a escala de tempo necessária para sua formação. A argila possui elevada disponibilidade na natureza, e por isso seu uso ainda é indiscriminado. É a matéria-prima principal para as indústrias de cerâmica vermelha pulverizadas em todo o território brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma discussão acerca do recurso natural não renovável argila e seu uso no processo produtivo da Indústria de cerâmica vermelha. Este foi desenvolvido através de pesquisa bibliográfica, e estudo de caso com realização de visitas técnicas a uma indústria de cerâmica vermelha localizada no município de Paudalho no estado de Pernambuco. No ano de 2013 a Indústria X adquiriu para estoque e consumo 70.161 toneladas, para uma produção de 35.806.268 blocos de cerâmica. De todo o quantitativo produzido houve uma perda de 7,5%, que reflete em 4.768 toneladas de argila e num prejuízo aproximado de R$ 845.835,52. Através do trabalho realizado percebe-se que há uma necessidade de planejamento da exploração e uso dos recursos naturais não renováveis, pois estes podem se tornar escassos e inviabilizar determinados processos produtivos. Isso pode acarretar em conflitos sociais e econômicos, pela valoração dos recursos e diminuição de disponibilidade para uso, ocasionando redução dos lucros por parte dos empresários e por consequência diminuição na oferta de empregos.Use of clay in the production process of the Red Ceramics: A case study in the city of Paudalho, Pernambuco Abstract: The fractions of soil are considered non-renewable natural resources, because the time scale required for its formation. Clay has high availability in nature, and therefore its use is still indiscriminate. It is the main raw material for the manufacture of red ceramic sprayed throughout the Brazilian territory. The objective was to conduct a discussion of non-renewable natural resource clay and its use in industry's production process of red ceramic. It was developed through literature review and case study of technical a red ceramic industry in the municipality of Paudalho in Pernambuco state visits. In 2013 the X Industry acquired for stock and consumption 70,161 tons, for a production of 35,806,268 ceramic blocks. The entire quantity produced there was a loss of 7.5%, which reflects in 4,768 tons of clay and an approximate loss of R $ 845,835.52. Through work is noticed that there is a need for planning of exploration and use of non-renewable natural resources, as they may become scarce and derail certain production processes. This can lead to social and economic conflicts, the valuation of resources and reduced availability for use, resulting in lower profits for entrepreneurs and consequently decrease in the supply of jobs.

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Energy Consumption, Trade and GDP: A Case Study of South Asian Countries

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v53i4iipp.461-476 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (4II) ◽

pp. 461-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Shakeel ◽

M. Mazhar Iqbal ◽

M.. Tariq Majeed

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Production Process ◽

South Asian ◽

Electrical Equipment ◽

International Markets ◽

Raw Material ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Multiplier Effect ◽

Reasonable Cost

Acute shortage of energy sources in developing countries in general and South Asian countries in particular has shown that energy has become a binding input for any production process. Nowadays operation of heavy machinery and electrical equipment, and transportation of raw material and final products from their place of origination to their destination require heavy consumption of energy in one form or the other. Therefore, energy consumption that was previously ignored in the production function of a firm and an economy is now considered a vital input in production process. It affects GDP directly as by increasing energy consumption; more output can be produced with given stock of capital and labor force in a country. Also uninterrupted availability of energy at reasonable cost improves competiveness of home products in international markets and thus increases exports of home country a great deal. Resulting increase in net exports further adds to the GDP through multiplier effect

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