Students of Railway College of the Town of Taiga in 1943–1991

The present article introduces a historical analysis of students of the Technical College of Taiga in 1943–1991. The socal analysis involved factorial, structural-systemic, and historical approaches. The Technical Railway College has almost 80 years of history, which makes it one of the leading educational institutions of its branch in the country. Since 1991, it has been the Taiga Institute of Railway Transport, a branch of the Omsk State Railway University. The author identified the changes in the contigent of applicants in 1943–1991. They appeared to be connected with the development of the country and education policy. The revealed characteristics made it possible to clarify the logic of the development of a particular institution based on the changes in the forms and methods of recruitment, payment, age, etc. In this regard, recruitment acted as a set of special methods, e.g.clubs of young naturalists, contests and conferences, material base, promotion of railway professions through alumni, etc. In addition, good working conditions and high salary were important factors that attracted people to the Technical College of Taiga.

Terms of sowing forage crops for haylage production under the conditions of Central Yakutia

In recent years the agricultural production in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been introducing the technology of haylage production, which can replace part of the silage and hay in the ration of animals. However, stable raw materials of herbage are not enough for the technology of haylage production in Yakutia. Natural forage lands cannot provide a new technology of haylage production with herbage, since the entire area of haymaking goes to hay harvesting. Therefore, the selection of forage crops to create a reliable raw material base for haylage is a very relevant research topic. The purpose of the research was to study the terms of sowing forage crops for haylage production under the conditions in the Central Yakutia. The research has been carried out in the research and production permanent out-station in the M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientifi c Research Institute of Agriculture for three years. The experimental site was located on the second above-fl oodplain terrace of the Lena River Valley. The objects of research were the following varieties of zoned annual crops – oats of Pokrovsky variety 9, peas of Capital variety, spring vetch of Priobskaya variety 25, barley of Tammy variety. It has been found as a result of research that in the soil and climatic conditions in the Central Yakutia for the production of haylage for plant growth and development, dynamics of accumulation of dry matter, yield and nutritional qualities, the most effective mixtures are: vetch (1,2 million pcs/ha) + oats (2,5 million pcs/ha) and peas (0,8 million pcs/ha) + oats (2,5 million pcs/ha) germinating seeds. As the result of the conducted research, the optimal terms for sowing annual grasses for haylage have been established such as the 1st term (sowing in the third decade of May, harvesting in the first decade of August), the 2nd term (sowing in the second decade of June, harvesting in the third decade of August), the 3rd term (sowing in the first decade of July, harvesting in the first decade of September) in the phase of milk-wax ripeness in cereals and in the phase of fruit formation in legumes.

Recovery of used acetic acid via sulfuric acid

Kazakhstan has a huge phosphate raw material base, where the basis is made up of micro-grained phosphate ores of the Karatau basin. The depletion of reserves of high-quality commercial ores leads to the search for new methods of using the enrichment and sorting of low-grade technogenic ores, one of which is phosphate-siliceous slates. The presented study was carried out in two stages: at the first stage, phosphate-siliceous shales were enriched by the acetic acid method, regime technological parameters, kinetic and thermodynamic regularities of the process were determined. At the second stage of the research a method for recycling used acetic acid during the enrichment of low-grade phosphate-siliceous slates is proposed. In this case, sulfuric acid was chosen as the regenerating agent of acetic acid. The reliability of the performed studies was proved by the use of modern complex research methods: scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray and X-Ray difraction analyses. To determine the course of a particular reaction, a thermodynamic analysis was performed using modern HSC 6.0 software. The kinetic data are determined by calculation. The obtained experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis (Chaddock scale, standard deviation, coefficient of determination). The mechanism of interaction of an acetate solution with sulfuric acid is illustratively described. In conclusion, the sulfuric acid method is suitable for the regeneration of applied acetic acid. In this case, a by-product is formed in the form of calcium sulfate. This product can be used as a building binder (confirmed by the protocol of the “National Center of Expertise” of the Republic of Kazakhstan).

Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

PROFIT IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISE

The paper deals with the management of the enterprise profit. It is shown that profit is an important monetary evaluation of production and financial activities of the enterprise, showing the efficiency of the enterprise. It is one of the key performance indicators and enterprise development, improvement of the material base of the company and its products. The role of profits in the company's development in today's market conditions. The analysis of approaches to the management of a profit. Analyzed profit management company. Defined workflow for the management of the distribution and use of the company's profit. Revealed the necessary conditions of good governance and improve the profit management process of the company. Proposed measures to improve the structure of the target the use of business profits, which will improve the financial position of the company and increase its efficiency.

Leasing as a source of enterprises financing In Kazakhstan: analysis and problems

The article reflects the importance of leasing in the search for the most attractive sources of innovative and investment development of the economy of Kazakhstan. In conditions of limited own funds, the role of borrowed sources of financing of investment projects for achieving effective goals of enterprises increases. Such sources of financing are bank lending, leasing, factoring, and issuing promissory notes. Leasing is considered as part of a reasonable strategic financial management, the use of which allows you to update the main production assets of the enterprise, as well as provides additional opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the financial management of a commercial enterprise. Deep changes in the economic conditions of management dictate the need to find and implement methods for updating the material base and modifying fixed assets for our economy. The analysis of the main trends of development of the leasing market of Kazakhstan and its innovative development: a large number of leasing companies and the products offered on the market of leasing services allows to choose the funding strategy of the enterprise. In economically developed countries, leasing solves the problem of stimulating economic growth by accelerating the renewal of fixed capital, reducing the duration of the technological cycle.Therefore, the specifics of leasing as an instrument of economic policy aimed at accelerating the development of production potential is as follows: leasing leads to an increase in the high rate of renewal of fixed capital. The expansion of the leasing market largely depended on the active participation of the state in the development of leasing in many sectors of the economy.

RUSSIAN FORTRESSES AS NAVAL BASES IN THE 1740-s ZAPOROZHIAN HOST: DNIEPER FLOTILLA SHIPS STORAGE

Studies of Russian military presence in the lands of Zaporozhia during the New Sich era (1734–1775) pay relatively little attention to the uses of Russian fortresses between the RussoTurkish wars of 1735–1739 and 1768–1774. From 1739 to 1768 the military importance and defense capability of the Russian fortresses diminished, thus their main purpose shifted to information gathering on the Russian-Ottoman borderlands and the Zaporozhian Host of the Lower Dniper itself. Furthermore, another quite understudied function of these fortresses was to serve as military depots, both acting and reserve. This article concentrates on the understudied aspect of the history of Russian fortresses and the Zaporozhia lands during the New Sich era – the storage of vessels of the liquidated Dnieper flotilla after the Russo-Turkish war of 1735-1739. The primary source base for this article consists of the documents from “Kyiv Provincial Chancellery” (Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, fund 59). The Ust’-Samara retrenchment was a main naval base of the Dnieper flotilla located at the mouth of the Samara River (present-day Dnipro). The reorganization of the Dnieper flotilla material base and fleet supplies took several years after the end of the 1735-1739 war. Subsequently, various fleet supplies (military vessels; ship equipment like ropes, blocks, oars, flags, anchors; naval artillery and related supplies; tools for ships repairs and maintenance like "konopatky"; building materials, ship nails, resin; food stocks for ship crews, etc) were stored in the special fortress warehouses. However, storage conditions were inadequate, naval depots could be destroyed, while equipment and watercraft could be stolen by the Russian officers to be resold later. Relying on documentary sources, an attempt was made to clarify the number of Dnieper flotilla vessels, that were stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. To that end, the article introduces into scientific circulation a document that most fully reflects the number of military vessels, stored at the Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia as of November 1, 1742 - a report compiled by Captain I. Stepanov at the request of the Ust’-Samara retrenchment commander A. Chichagov, commander of all Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia. At that time, the total number of vessels (both suitable and unsuitable for use) amounted to 350. These vessels were stored in the Kamianskyi, Khortyts’kyi, Malyshevs’kyi and Nenasytets’kyi retrenchments. Comparison of data from several documents reveals that for unknown reasons this number (350) did not include boats stored in the Ust’-Samara retrenchment. This article further indicates that the study of exact number of the vessels is complicated by the specifics of the source base. Further elaboration of the issues outlined in the present article would allow not only to explore the functions of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia during the New Sich era and their role as centers of the Russian military presence, but would also reveal the everyday relations of Russian soldiers with the Cossacks and the peasants (“pospolyti”). The crucial need to study original documentary sources on the history of Russian fortresses in Zaporozhia is emphasized once more.

Migration of population in Sverdlovsk oblast: problems and solutions

In the context of the necessity to implement the national goals, one of the important areas of activity is support of positive demographic processes, promotion of population growth in the country, including through resettlement and migration of residents of other countries. This is relevant not only at the country level, but also at the regional level, each of which has features that must be considered when forming demographic policy. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the program to promote migration and resettlement of compatriots from other countries to Sverdlovsk oblast. Its advantages and limitations are highlighted, its effectiveness is considered on the example of immigrants from several CIS countries: Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. It is shown that despite the formal fulfillment of the objectives of the program (more than 28 thousand foreigners arrived in Sverdlovsk oblast within 9 years), some meaningful moments were missed, the selection of migrants based on the occupations in demand in the labor market of the region was not fully carry out. There are presented the directions of improving the program for the medium term, which are connected with new approaches to raising the quality of program implementation in Sverdlovsk oblast. It is shown that it is necessary to formalize and improve the mechanism for attracting foreign labor to the region using notification quotas, organized recruitment, modification of selection criteria for the point system, development of the material base and linguistic community for an accelerated adaptation. Analysis showed that promotion of resettlement is necessary with relation to professionals in relevant areas of activity (doctors, teachers), while the demand for unskilled labor is satisfied by migrants.

Potential of Forest Biomass Resources for Renewable Energy Production in the Czech Republic

In the European Green Deal and the Climate Act, the European Union has committed itself to achieving climate neutrality by 2050. This goal is to be achieved by joint efforts of all economic sectors, including forestry and its downstream sectors. One way to attain this goal is the effective and sustainable use of forest biomass for energy production. This article aims to quantify the potential of forest biomass resources for the production of electrical and thermal energy based on official departmental statistics, the current legal framework for forestry and the environment, and research results in the context of an extreme change in the raw material base due to the ongoing calamity caused by the spread of insect pests in the Czech Republic. This extreme can classify as a significant risk to the security of the energy supply from renewable sources in the event of oversizing new installed energy production from renewable sources. Based on data and calculations, an overall annual volume of dendromass available for energy production in the Czech Republic for the period extending to 2036 was quantified at the value of 13.473 million tons per year. Consequently, it is clear that the overall dendromass resources for energy production in the Czech Republic are not sufficient to achieve the EU’s ambitious objective.

Development of technology for the production of functional beverages with improved consumer properties

Производство напитков функционального назначения в настоящее время имеет актуальное значение, при этом наиболее перспективными являются напитки, приготовленные на основе натуральных соков с добавлением ингредиентов, выделенных из растительного сырья, в том числе из плодово-ягодного. Помимо органических кислот, аминокислот, витаминов, пектиновых веществ, полифенолов и природных углеводов, эти напитки насыщены также дефицитными микронутриентами, оказывающими позитивное действие на состояние человеческого организма. В статье представлены результаты исследований по разработке рецептур и технологии производства высококачественных функциональных напитков на основе виноградного сока прямого отжима, обладающих улучшенными потребительскими свойствами за счет включения в их состав экстрактов плодово-ягодного сырья - фейхоа, ежевики и черной смородины. Приведена оценка показателей качества и безопасности разработанных напитков и процессуально-технологическая схема их производства. Работа выполнена на базе учебно-научной лаборатории технологии виноделия и продуктов питания из растительного сырья Ставропольского ГАУ. Для определения физико-химических показателей и пищевой ценности сырья, полупродуктов и приготовленных функциональных напитков применяли современные общепринятые методы исследований согласно действующих ГОСТ. Разработка технологии производства напитков на основе виноградного сока с применением плодово-ягодных экстрактов является особенно важной и актуальной задачей в связи с наличием разнообразной и доступной сырьевой базы на Юге России, а также высокой концентрацией в данном регионе плодоперерабатывающих производств, оснащенных современным высокопроизводительным оборудованием. Полученные нами результаты могут способствовать целенаправленному применению разработанных напитков в санаторно-курортном лечении населения для решения проблемы оптимизации питания и повышения пищевого статуса населения России. The production of functional beverages is currently of urgent importance, while the most promising are drinks prepared on the basis of natural juices with the addition of ingredients extracted from vegetable raw materials, including fruit and berry. In addition to organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, pectin substances, polyphenols and natural carbohydrates, these drinks are also saturated with scarce micronutrients that have a positive effect on the state of the human body. The article presents the results of research on the development of recipes and technology for the production of high-quality functional beverages based on direct-pressed grape juice, which have improved consumer properties due to the inclusion of extracts of fruit and berry raw materials - feijoa, blackberry and black currant in their composition. The evaluation of quality and safety indicators of the developed beverages and procedural and technological scheme of their production is given. The work was carried out on the basis of the educational and scientific laboratory of winemaking technology and food products from vegetable raw materials of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. To determine physicochemical parameters and nutritional value of raw materials, intermediates and prepared functional beverages, modern generally accepted research methods were used in accordance with the current GOST. The development of technology for the production of beverages based on grape juice using fruit and berry extracts is a particularly important and urgent task due to the presence of a diverse and affordable raw material base in the South of Russia, as well as a high concentration of fruit processing plants accomplished by modern high-performance equipment in this region. The results obtained by us can contribute to the purposeful use of the developed beverages in sanatorium treatment of the population to solve the problem of optimizing the nutrition and improving the nutritional status of the population of Russia.