Effect of triethanolamine as counter ion on the transdermal permeation of candesartan

Author(s):  
Maria A. Vatmanidou ◽  
Konstantina Stathopoulou ◽  
Evangelos Gikas ◽  
Nektarios Aligiannis ◽  
Paraskevas P. Dallas ◽  
...  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Bonner ◽  
G. Dickel ◽  
H. Brümmer
Keyword(s):  

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Koula ◽  
Daria Kučová ◽  
Jiří Gasparič

The combination of ion-pair extraction and differential pulse polarography is shown to be a method suitable for the determination of 10-7 mol l-1 concentrations of organic bases of quaternary ammonium compounds. Orange II (4-[2-hydroxy-1-naphtyl]azobenzenesulfonic acid) was found to be an appropriate polarographically active counter-ion. The proposed method was used for the determination of tetrapentylammonium bromide (as model compound), Septonex ([1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-pentadecyl]trimethylammonium bromide) and codeine.


1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hlubucek ◽  
E Ritchie ◽  
WC Taylor

The effect of the solvent and the counter-ion on the ring alkylation of 3- and 4-methoxyphenols by isopentenyl bromide has been examined. Under strictly anhydrous conditions good and consistent yields of the o- isopentenylphenols were obtained with the combination potassium- toluene, but sodium-toluene was more convenient. ��� Boron trifluoride etherate was more satisfactory than stannic chloride, zinc chloride, or phosphoric acid in catalysing the condensation of 3- and 4-methoxy-phenols with 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol to the corresponding o-isopentenylphenols. Aryl α,α-dimethylpropargyl ethers were partially hydrogenated to the corresponding α,α- dimethylallyl ethers which rearranged in boiling N,N-diethyl-aniline to o-isopentenylphenols in high overall yield.


1999 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oguro ◽  
K. Asaka ◽  
N. Fujiwara ◽  
K. Onishi ◽  
S. Sewa

AbstractComposites of perfluorinated polymer electrolyte membrane and gold electrodes bend in response to low-voltage electric stimuli and work as soft actuators like muscles. The composites were prepared by chemical plating. Charge on the electrode induces electric double layer and electro-osmotic drag of water by cation from anode to cathode through narrow channels in the perfluorinated ion-exchange resin. The electro-osmotic flow of water swells the polymer near the cathode rather than anode, and the membrane bends to the anode. The actuator comprises polymer electrolyte, electrodes, counter ion, solvent, lead wires, etc. Each component affects the performance of the actuator. Surface area of electrode and species of counter ion have drastic effect on voltage-displacement response. The response may depend on water channel structure of the polymer electrolyte. Modification of these factors improved the performance and resulted in the deflection over 360 degrees at a film actuator of 10 mm length. A tubular actuator was demonstrated as a multidirectional actuator. These actuators are applicable to artificial muscle, micro robots, or micro medical equipment inside body.


1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Plešek ◽  
Stanislav Heřmánek

The first cobaltacarborane sandwich complex [3-Co-4,8'-8,4'(o-C6H4)2(1,2-C2B9H9)2](-) with two o-phenylene bridges between both deltahedral ligands is described. Phenylene rings containing angle of 72 grad bind the Cs counter-ion probably via π-donation. This is why the solubility of Cs salt in water is extremely low. Synthesis, properties and structure of the Cs salt are described.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Rambharose ◽  
Rahul S. Kalhapure ◽  
Mahantesh Jadhav ◽  
Thirumala Govender

Author(s):  
Zhe An ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
William T. A. Harrison

The syntheses and crystal structures of 0.25-aqua(benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ2O,O′)bis(sparfloxacin-κ2O,O′)manganese(II) dihydrate, [Mn(C8H4O4)(C19H22F2N4O3)2(H2O)0.25]·2H2O or [Mn(bdc)(Hspar)2(H2O)0.25]·2H2O, (I), and bis(sparfloxacin-κ2O,O′)copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate dihydrate, [Cu(C19H22F2N4O3)2](C8H4O4)·2H2O or [Cu(Hspar)2](bdc)·2H2O, (II), are reported (Hspar = sparfloxacin and bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate). The Mn2+ion in (I) is coordinated by twoO,O′-bidentate Hspar neutral molecules (which exist as zwitterions) and anO,O′-bidentate bdc dianion to generate a distorted MnO6trigonal prism. A very long bond [2.580 (12) Å] from the Mn2+ion to a 0.25-occupied water molecule projects through a square face of the prism. In (II), the Cu2+ion lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and a CuO4square-planar geometry arises from its coordination by twoO,O′-bidentate Hspar molecules. The bdc dianion acts as a counter-ion to the cationic complex and does not bond to the metal ion. The Hspar ligands in both (I) and (II) feature intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which closeS(6) rings. In the crystals of both (I) and (II), the components are linked by N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating three-dimensional networks.


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