Is phenotypic plasticity determined by temperature and fluid regime in filter-feeding gelatinous organisms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 151238
Author(s):  
Mayara de A. Jordano ◽  
André C. Morandini ◽  
Renato M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Fluid Regime ◽  
Filter Feeding

Phenotypic plasticity in the labral fan of simuliid larvae (Diptera): effect of seston load on primary-ray number

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lucas ◽  
Fiona F Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Simulium Decorum ◽  
Plastic Trait

The number of primary rays in the labral fan of filter-feeding black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae has been used by some authors to aid in species identification. We examined the number of primary labral fan rays in field-collected last-instar larvae of Simulium rostratum and Simulium decorum. Significant inter- and intra-specific differences were found both spatially and temporally. Simulium rostratum and S. decorum larvae were also reared to last instar (from eggs or first- or second-instar larvae) under three feeding regimes to test the effect of seston load on the number of primary labral fan rays. In both species the fan-ray number decreased when the food supply was increased. We conclude that the primary fan ray number should be used cautiously in species diagnosis because it is a phenotypically plastic trait that varies with seston load. A potential feedback mechanism to explain the observed differences in fan-ray number is hypothesised.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Plasticity in Gut Length in the Planktivorous Filter-Feeding Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Ke ◽  
Xie Ping ◽  
Longgen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gut Length

Phenotypic plasticity widely exists in the external morphology of animals as well as the internal traits of organs. In the present study, we studied the gut length plasticity of planktivorous filter-feeding silver carp under different food resources in large-net cage experiments in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu in 2004 and 2005. There was a significant difference in stocking density between these 2 years. Under a low stocking density and abundant food resources, silver carp increased their energy intake by feeding on more zooplankton. Meanwhile, silver carp adjusted their gut length to match the digestive requirements of food when exposed to different food resources. In the main growth seasons (from April to October), silver carp significantly increased their relative gut length when feeding on more phytoplankton in 2005 (p< 0.01, 9.23 ± 1.80 in 2004 and 10.77 ± 2.05 in 2005, respectively). There was a nearly significant negative correlation between zooplankton proportion in the diet and the relative gut length when silver carp were stocked in a high density (p= 0.112). It appears that silver carp might have evolved plasticity to change their gut length rapidly to facilitate efficient utilization of food resources. Such resource polymorphisms in the gut may be a good indication of temporal adaptation to resource conditions. Our work provided field evidence for understanding the functional basis of resource polymorphisms and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in planktivorous filter-feeding fish.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

The effect of seismic deformation mechanisms on fluid migration in accumulation area of gold ore concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
T. M. Zlobina ◽  
V. A. Petrov ◽  
K. Yu. Murashov ◽  
A. A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Fluid Migration ◽  
Fluid Regime ◽  
Gold Ore ◽  
Fluid Flow Control ◽  
Seismic Deformation ◽  
Fluid Inflow ◽  
Main Influence

This study investigates the effect of mechanisms of paleode formations during the period of fluid inflow into the accumulation sphere of gold concentrations. Such mechanisms are believed to correspond to DC- and NDC- type seismic mechanisms, whose main influence on fluid migration lies on the formation of different, relative to fluid regime parameters, structural and hydrodynamic organizations of the ore-forming system, and fluid flow control within the area of the accumulation of ore concentrations.  

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