Cladophora (green algae) and dreissenid mussels over a nutrient loading gradient on the north shore of Lake Ontario

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd Howell
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dreissenid Mussels ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North

Conflict, Population Movement, and Microscale Social Networks in Northern Iroquoian Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-367
Author(s):  
Jennifer Birch ◽  
John P. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Sequences

We employ social network analysis of collar decoration on Iroquoian vessels to conduct a multiscalar analysis of signaling practices among ancestral Huron-Wendat communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario. Our analysis focuses on the microscale of the West Duffins Creek community relocation sequence as well as the mesoscale, incorporating several populations to the west. The data demonstrate that network ties were stronger among populations in adjacent drainages as opposed to within drainage-specific sequences, providing evidence for west-to-east population movement, especially as conflict between Wendat and Haudenosaunee populations escalated in the sixteenth century. These results suggest that although coalescence may have initially involved the incorporation of peoples from microscale (local) networks, populations originating among wider mesoscale (subregional) networks contributed to later coalescent communities. These findings challenge previous models of village relocation and settlement aggregation that oversimplified these processes.

Quaternary sequences along the north shore of Lake Ontario: Oshawa – Port Hope

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1836-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Brookfield ◽  
Q. H. J. Gwyn ◽  
I. P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Geological History ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Quaternary Sequences

We describe six major stratigraphic units from the hitherto neglected Quaternary sequences along the north shore of Lake Ontario between Oshawa and Port Hope. These units, from the base upwards, consist of the following: a lowermost unit of silt till, apparently overlying bedrock; a complex unit of lacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments with several thin silt tills, usually unconformable on the lowermost unit; a glaciofluvial sand unit, filling valleys cut into the underlying units; a unit of two sandy pebbly tills; a silt till; and varved clays and sands of glacial Lake Iroquois.Though the sections show more erosional intervals, the above units can be correlated with the better known Scarborough sections as follows: the lowest unit with the Sunnybrook Till; the overlying complex unit with the Meadowcliffe Till and associated sediments; the two sandy pebbly tills with the lower Leaside Till; and the overlying silt till with the Halton Till.The inferred geological history is similar to that of the Scarborough area.

scholarly journals Influences on Water Quality and Abundance of Cladophora, a Shore-Fouling Green Algae, over Urban Shoreline in Lake Ontario

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Western Lake

Urban centers border western Lake Ontario, the terminus of the Laurentian Great Lakes, impacting water quality on the shores of this oligotrophic lake. The green algae Cladophora proliferates on the shallow lakebed and fouls the shoreline, presenting an eutrophication concern. The conditions over a typical urbanized shoreline were studied to assess linkages between Cladophora and area nutrient sources. The most pervasive of the mixing areas of varying extent identified using field sensor measurements was associated with the discharge of treated sewage from a Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP). Phosphorus and nitrogen were enriched at times near the WPCP diffuser and also in shallow water along the shoreline. Dissolved nutrients were also measured directly above the lakebed in close proximity to Cladophora. Dissolved phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen were higher in proximity to the WPCP diffuser at times, however, spatial patterns were not as clearly aligned with external inputs as the patterns of enrichment in the water column. Biomass distribution of Cladophora was unrelated to nutrient levels in the water column or at the lakebed. Yet, concentrations of phosphorus in Cladophora, an indicator of nutrient sufficiency, were higher near the WPCP diffuser. This disparity, while possibly an artifact of variable loss rates of biomass among locations, may in part stem from variable water clarity among areas. Abundant dreissenid mussels also potentially obscure the effects of nutrient loading on algal biomass if the sequestering of phosphorus from offshore plankton, suggested by periods of onshore circulation, approaches the extent of external loading. Further study of phosphorus flux at the lakebed is required to establish clear linkages between external nutrient loading and algal growth in order to manage the proliferation of Cladophora over urban coastline.

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