Cryptofaunal diversity in fringing reef rhodoliths

Rhodolith distribution, morphology, and cryptofauna have been minimally studied on fringing reefs. We present the first study to examine both rhodolith distribution and associated cryptofauna in a tropical fringing reef, located along the microtidal, wave-dominated north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. We find higher abundances of larger, rounder, and more branching rhodoliths in locations where longer waves impact the fringing reef. Among 1879 animals extracted and identified from 145 rhodoliths, ophiuroids, polychaetes, decapod crustaceans, and gastropods are most abundant, with a wide range of additional taxa contributing to diversity. Large and branching rhodoliths contain the greatest number and diversity of cryptofaunal organisms and are the preferred habitat of rigid-bodied, non-burrowing forms. Overall, exposure to waves entering the lagoon through passes appears to be a critical determinant of rhodolith abundance, morphotype, and in turn cryptofaunal composition in fringing reef habitats.

Long-Term Evolution and Monitoring at High Temporal Resolution of a Rapidly Retreating Cliff in a Cold Temperate Climate Affected by Cryogenic Processes, North Shore of the St. Lawrence Gulf, Quebec (Canada)

This article focuses on the quantification of retreat rates, geomorphological processes, and hydroclimatic and environmental drivers responsible for the erosion of an unconsolidated fine-sediment cliff along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Quebec, Canada). Annual monitoring using field markers over a period of twenty years, coupled with photo interpretation and historical archive analysis, indicates an average annual erosion rate of 2.2 m per year between 1948 and 2017. An acceleration in retreat occurred during the last 70 years, leading to a maximum between 1997 and 2017 (3.4 m per year) and 2000–2020 (3.3 m per year). Daily observations based on six monitoring cameras installed along the cliff between 2008 and 2012 allowed the identification of mechanisms and geomorphological processes responsible for cliff retreat. Data analysis reveals seasonal activity peaks during winter and spring, which account for 75% of total erosional events. On an annual basis, cryogenic processes represent 68% of the erosion events observed and subaerial and hydrogeological processes account for 73%. Small-scale processes, such as gelifraction, solifluction, suffosion, debris collapse, and thermoabrasion, as well as mass movement events, such as slides and mudflows, induced rapid cliff retreat. Lithostratigraphy and cliff height exert an important control on erosion rates and retreat modes, which are described by three main drivers (hydrogeologic, cryogenic, and hydrodynamic processes). Critical conditions promoting high erosion rates include the absence of an ice-foot in winter, the absence of snow cover on the cliff face allowing unrestricted solar radiation, the repetition of winter warm spells, snow melting and sediment thawing, and high rainfall conditions (>30 mm or SPI > 2). The relationships between hydroclimatic forcing and retreat rates are difficult to establish without taking into account the quantification of the geomorphological processes involved. The absence of quantitative data on the relative contribution of geomorphological processes can constitute a major obstacle in modeling the retreat of cliffs with regard to climate change.

Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec

Several statistical methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of daily minimum extreme flows (DMEF) in 17 watersheds—divided into three homogenous hydroclimatic regions of southern Quebec—during the transitional seasons (spring and fall), during the 1930–2019 period. Regarding spatial variability, there was a clear difference between the south and north shores of the St. Lawrence River, south of 47° N. DMEF were lower in the more agricultural watersheds on the south shore during transitional seasons compared to those on the north shore. A correlation analysis showed that this difference in flows was mainly due to more agricultural areas ((larger area (>20%) on the south than on the north shore (<5%)). An analysis of the long-term trend of these flows showed that the DMEF of south-shore rivers have increased significantly since the 1960s, during the fall (October to December), due to an increase in rainfall and a reduction in cultivated land, which increased the infiltration in the region. Although there was little difference between the two shores in the spring (April to June), we observed a decrease in minimum extreme flows in half (50%) of the south-shore rivers located north of 47° N.

უჯარმის ციხე-ქალაქში აღმოჩენილი სასუფრე კერამიკის ადრეული ნაწილის დათრიღებისათვის

This arthicl is about of early medievel ceramic, founded in ujarma castle. Ujarma castle is situated in eastern Georgia, on the right side of river Iori. Castle was excavated in 1950-52 by Giorgi lomtatidze. Founded material was publeshed in 1989, but unfortunatly, in publication materials was not divided by layers and peroids and not fotofixed properly. In this article from all ceramic fragments founded in this settlmant we choosed material dated early medievel period. We also find parallel materials for them and fotofixed. There are choosed totaly 36 ceramic fragments, among them we can marking out: 16 jag and 2 bowl, all another fragments are unfigured and were assign to early medeval period by color, consistuent and surface treatment. Signs for ceramic created for defferent purpose are defferent: for tableware ceramic was used better shaped and well burned, reddish, red or strow-colored ones. In the other hand for kitchen was used rud, dark colored ceramic with meny mixed minerals in clay. Somtimes surface of the ceramic is somoothened, somtimes pottery can be covered with red dye, but generaly ceramic is little bit downgraded, in decoradion, compear to previous, roman, period. Paralel materials for those ceramic we can finde in all territory of georgia and caucasian region. Outside of geogia paralels are finde in azerbaijan and in north shore of black sea, scattering ceramic in this way is common thing for medievel archaeology, kingdom of kartli was widly involved in international trade, so finding exported materials on the teritory of kartli kingdom as kartlian materials outside of kingdom is normal appearance.

New Zealand's award winning children's books 1982-1992 : is there any correlation between adult choice and children's preferences

<p>This is a study of New Zealand children's book awards from 1982-1992. It compares the popularity of award winning and shortlisted titles for the Esther Glen and Russell Clark Awards, administered by the New Zealand Library Association, the Government Printer Awards for Children's Book of the Year and Picture Book of the Year, 1982-1988, and the first three years of the AIM Children's Book Awards when there were two categories only. The popularity of the books has been assessed using borrowing records from North Shore Public Libraries. A brief overview is given of the history of children's book awards and what qualities are considered to make a good children's book and which geres are most popular. Judges comments, reviews and the popularity rank of each book are presented in a year by year analysis. The study concludes that fantasy, followed by realism are the most popular genres and that historical fiction written during this time has been unpopular with library borrowers. The readership of some picture books has been affected by their non-fiction classification. There is a strong preference for particular authors and author/illustrators regardless of which books have won awards.</p>

New Zealand's award winning children's books 1982-1992 : is there any correlation between adult choice and children's preferences

<p>This is a study of New Zealand children's book awards from 1982-1992. It compares the popularity of award winning and shortlisted titles for the Esther Glen and Russell Clark Awards, administered by the New Zealand Library Association, the Government Printer Awards for Children's Book of the Year and Picture Book of the Year, 1982-1988, and the first three years of the AIM Children's Book Awards when there were two categories only. The popularity of the books has been assessed using borrowing records from North Shore Public Libraries. A brief overview is given of the history of children's book awards and what qualities are considered to make a good children's book and which geres are most popular. Judges comments, reviews and the popularity rank of each book are presented in a year by year analysis. The study concludes that fantasy, followed by realism are the most popular genres and that historical fiction written during this time has been unpopular with library borrowers. The readership of some picture books has been affected by their non-fiction classification. There is a strong preference for particular authors and author/illustrators regardless of which books have won awards.</p>

Water in the Wilderness: The Group of Seven and the Coastal Identity of Lake Superior

This paper challenges the wilderness ideology with which the Group of Seven’s coastal landscapes of the north shore of Lake Superior are often associated. Focusing my analysis around key works by Lawren Harris, A.Y. Jackson, J.E.H. MacDonald, and Franklin Carmichael, I offer an alternative perspective on commonly-adopted national and wilderness narratives, and instead consider these works in line with an emergent ecocritical consciousness. While a conversation about wilderness in relation to the Group of Seven often ignores the colonial history and Indigenous communities that previously inhabited coastal Lake Superior, this paper identifies these within a discussion of the environmental history of the region. That the environment of the north shore of Lake Superior was a primordial space waiting to be discovered and conquered only seeks to ratify the landscape as a colonial space. Instead, by engaging with the ecological complexities and environmental aesthetics of Lake Superior and its surrounding shoreline, I challenge this colonial and ideological construct of the wilderness, accounting for the prevailing fur trade, fishing, and lumber industries that dominated during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A discussion of environmental history and landscape painting further allows for a consideration of both the exploitation and preservation of nature over the course of the twentieth century, and looks beyond the theosophical and mystical in relation to the Group’s Lake Superior works. As such, the timeliness of an ecocritical perspective on the Group of Seven’s landscapes represents an opportunity to consider how we might recontextualize these paintings in a time of unprecedented anthropogenic climate change, while recognizing the people and history to whom this land traditionally belongs.