scholarly journals Thermal and physical stresses induce a short-term immune priming effect in Galleria mellonella larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Browne ◽  
Carla Surlis ◽  
Kevin Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immune Priming

scholarly journals Proteomic profiling of bacterial and fungal induced immune priming in Galleria mellonella larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 104213
Author(s):  
Gerard Sheehan ◽  
Anatte Margalit ◽  
David Sheehan ◽  
Kevin Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Immune Priming

Time and dose dependencies for priming effect of glucose on insulin secretion

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E24-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Perfused Rat Pancreas ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Short-term exposure to glucose increases insulin secretion during subsequent stimulation. This priming effect of glucose was further investigated in the perfused rat pancreas. A 5-min pulse of 27.7 mM glucose enhanced the response to a second pulse of the sugar after a 5- or 30-min period of 3.9 mM glucose. With a 10-min pulse of 27.7 mM glucose, the priming effect tended to persist also after a 60-min but not after a 90-min rest period. The priming effects of glucose were also evaluated from enhancement of stimulation 15 min later with 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX). A 10-min pulse of 8.3 and 27.7, but not 5.6 mM glucose enhanced IBMX-induced insulin secretion. Cycloheximide did not abolish the priming effect of glucose on IBMX-induced insulin secretion. Conclusions are 1) priming is rapidly induced; 2) it persists longer than the time of induction; 3) threshold concentrations of glucose that induce priming are similar to those that initiate insulin secretions; and 4) mechanisms causing priming may not involve protein synthesis.

Influence ofSteinernema feltiae(Filipjev) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin and Bedding DD136 strain on the humoral and haemocytic responses ofGalleria mellonella(L.) larvae to selected bacteria

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Dunphy ◽  
J. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophilus ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Examination of the short-term interaction of the haemocytes and lysozyme ofGalleria mellonellalarvae with the entomogenous nematodeSteinernema feltiaeDD136,in vitrorevealed that the nematodes did not reduce the adhesion ofBacillus subtilisorXenorhabdus nematophilussubsp.nematophilusto larval granulocytes or plasmatocytes. There was no evidence of humoral, sheath or cellular encapsulation ofS. feltiaein the haemolymphin vitroorin vivo. Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline-injected larvae the axenic nematodes did not alter the total or differential haemocyte counts during the initial 4 h of parasitism. The ability of the insect larvae to removeB. subtilisandX. nematophilusfrom the haemolymph was not influenced by axenicS. feltiae. The bacteria from the intestine of surface disinfected, monoxenically culturedS. feltiaeelevated the larval total haemocyte counts and damaged the haemocytes. The activity of larval lysozyme was not influenced by axenicS. feltiae.

scholarly journals Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema glaseri and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Ibrahim E. Shehata ◽  
Mostafa M. A. Hammam ◽  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The use of entomopathogenic nematodes as safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals entails improving the prediction of their native efficacy against soil pests. The effect of ten inorganic fertilizers, used extensively in Egypt, on the virulence of indigenous Steinernema glaseri and peanut germination was examined herein. The nematode added either before or tank-mixed with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of each fertilizer in a peanut field was sampled 1 and 7 days before and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, and 56 post-tank mixes to check for S. glaseri virulence via baiting soil with Galleria mellonella larvae. Phosphorus fertilizers had more adverse effects than others on S. glaseri virulence and peanut germination. Plots with only S. glaseri had high germination close to chlorpyrifos. Averages of insect mortality in soil samples of potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK), nitrogenous, and phosphorus fertilizers, and non-fertilized checks (nematode only) were 85.8, 83.8, 80, 69.2%, and 93.3% respectively. Using S. glaseri is preferred before fertilizing. Most 1% fertilizer concentrations are compatible with S. glaseri in tank mixes for short-term (1–7 days) insect control but may affect long-term control.

scholarly journals The Use of Galleria mellonella Larvae to Identify Novel Antimicrobial Agents against Fungal Species of Medical Interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kavanagh ◽  
Gerard Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Greater Wax Moth

The immune system of insects and the innate immune response of mammals share many similarities and, as a result, insects may be used to assess the virulence of fungal pathogens and give results similar to those from mammals. Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella are widely used in this capacity and also for assessing the toxicity and in vivo efficacy of antifungal drugs. G. mellonella larvae are easy to use, inexpensive to purchase and house, and have none of the legal/ethical restrictions that are associated with use of mammals. Larvae may be inoculated by intra-hemocoel injection or by force-feeding. Larvae can be used to assess the in vivo toxicity of antifungal drugs using a variety of cellular, proteomic, and molecular techniques. Larvae have also been used to identify the optimum combinations of antifungal drugs for use in the treatment of recalcitrant fungal infections in mammals. The introduction of foreign material into the hemocoel of larvae can induce an immune priming effect which may operate independently with the activity of the antifungal drug. Procedures to identify this effect and limit its action are required.

Influence of thiol groups, calcium, and glucose metabolism on cholinergic-induced insulin release and on methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors in pancreatic islets of the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grill ◽  
K. Fåk
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. Short-term regulation of [3H]methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors and acetylcholineinduced stimulation of insulin release was investigated in pancreatic islets of the rat. Binding of methylscopolamine was reversible; 47% of label was displaced 10 min and 70% 30 min after addition of unlabelled substance. 0.1 mm chloromercuribensoic acid, when present during binding incubations, inhibited binding by 54%, whereas acetylcholine-induced insulin release was unaffected by the presence of the thiol reactant. Pre-incubation for 60 min in a calcium-deprived medium or in the presence of 50 μm trifluoroperazine likewise inhibited binding. Pre-incubation with 1.0 mm 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine or 16.7 m glucose failed to influence subsequent binding although acetylcholine-induced insulin release was 4-fold enhanced by priming with glucose. We conclude that 1) binding to muscarinic receptors is influenced by thiol interaction, 2) short-term alterations in calcium fluxes influence binding, whereas short-term changes in cyclic AMP (cAMP) or glucose metabolism do not, 3) a priming effect of glucose on insulin secretion is not mediated by changes in receptor binding.

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