Supporting the selection of process and plant design options by Inherent Safety KPIs

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tugnoli ◽  
Gabriele Landucci ◽  
Ernesto Salzano ◽  
Valerio Cozzani
1992 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sholom Wacholder ◽  
Debra T. Silverman ◽  
Joseph K. McLaughlin ◽  
Jack S. Mandel

Author(s):  
H. Mimi

Pada peringkat awal reka bentuk loji kimia, keputusan paling penting dan kritikal yang perlu dibuat adalah ketika pemilihan proses kimia yang bakal digunakan untuk penghasilan produk yang dikehendaki. Sebelum ini, ekonomi merupakan faktor yang diberi keutamaan dalam pemilihan proses kimia yang terbaik. Sebaliknya kini, faktor kesihatan, keselamatan serta alam sekitar merupakan isu penting yang menjadi tumpuan dan amat dititikberatkan dalam pengoperasian sesebuah loji. Risiko ke atas kesihatan para pekerja di kawasan loji berikutan terdedah kepada bahan–bahan kimia di tempat kerja dapat dikurangkan melalui pemilihan proses kimia yang betul. Proses yang paling ‘sihat’ dapat dikenal pasti dengan menjumlahkan ancaman ke atas kesihatan manusia. Dalam projek ini, PRHI telah diperkenalkan untuk menjangka potensi ancaman proses kimia ke atas kesihatan pekerja. Proses alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan produk yang sama akan disusun berdasarkan tahap kesihatan yang dihasilkan oleh setiap proses. Lebih tinggi nilai indeks yang diperolehi, maka lebih berbahayalah sesuatu proses itu. Nilai PRHI dikira berdasarkan pelepasan bahan kimia serta kuantiti bahan kimia yang dihidu oleh pekerja. Indeks yang telah dibangunkan dalam projek ini diaplikasikan ke atas enam proses kimia alternatif yang wujud bagi menghasilkan metil metakrilat (MMA). Keputusan bagi pengiraan PRHI ini kemudiannya dibandingkan dengan Inherent Safety Index (ISI), Environmental Hazard Index serta kos penghasilan produk bagi kesemua enam proses alternatif. Kata kunci: ISHE, teknik penilaian keselamatan loji Proper selection of chemical process route is one of the main design decisions during the preliminary stages of chemical plant design. Previously, the most important factor for selecting the best chemical process route was only the economics. But now, safety, environmental and health issues have become important factors to be considered. Health risks on workers could also be reduced by proper selection of chemical process route. However, the health hazards needed to be quantified in order to choose the ‘healthiest’ route. Process Route Healthiness Index (PRHI) has been developed to foresee the potential health hazards from chemical processes. PRHIP ranks process routes in terms of their occupational healthiness. The higher the index, the higher is the hazard. PRHI is influenced by the health impact due to chemical releases and the concentration of airborne chemicals inhaled by workers. In this article, PRHI has been applied on six alternative routes for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA). The results of the ranking was compared to the Inherent Safety Index, Environmental Hazard Index and production costs for the six alternative chemical process routes. Key words: Occupational health hazard, assessment method, ISHE, ranking index


Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive I. Kerr ◽  
Rajkumar Roy ◽  
Peter J. Sackett

In the automotive industry the activities of documenting the design options and generating the necessary request for quotations, for Tier 1 system suppliers to be awarded contracts for design and development, is complex and time-consuming since these activities are predominately manual and paper-based. Thus, a knowledge-based tool is being developed to aid the selection of the design options for vehicle systems during competitive tendering. The tool is based on ontologies in order to provide a common and shared definition for the options available for a given vehicle system. An overview of this approach is provided and, as a ‘proof of concept’, a case study involving seating systems is presented. This paper shows, through the seating system case study, how the functionalities and features of a vehicle system can be selected and documented in order to streamline the business process of contracting out product development through the supply chain.


2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 1201-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Venkatraman ◽  
B. Vijaya Ramnath ◽  
R. Sarvesh ◽  
C. Rohit Prasanna

The selection of a manufacturing method for developing new products with optimal quality, minimal cost in the shortest time possible is a important phase of the industry. This paper uses artificial neural network to facilitate for product manufacturing method selection. Initially, general sorting is employed to select an initial product platform. Then using repertory grids method, designers contribute importance ratings to the design options. These ratings are employed to reduce the number of the derived design options, and thereby used as input data to a neural network. The neural network is then trained by using Levenberg-Marquart Algorithm in Mat lab software. The trained neural network is applied to classify the set of options into different patterns. The classification results can subsequently serve as base for the screening of preferred manufacturing options.


Author(s):  
Hemant Gajjar ◽  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Ajay Dighe ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji

The design, installation, commissioning and operation of a fogging system for a large 655 MW combined cycle power plant is described. Technical details and practical installation issues are discussed. Special considerations as to how the fogging system could help in the augmentation of power during high temperature and low frequency operation of the gas turbine is discussed. Finally a discussion is made regarding the importance of inlet filtration and the proper selection of blade coatings.


2020 ◽  
Vol S-I (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
S. Antonenko ◽  

This paper discusses various design options for a keel block needed for accommodating Frunze (now Admiral Lazarev) nuclear cruiser in a floating dock taking into account structural strength restrictions for both cruiser hull and the keel block, as well as limited depth of docking basin.


1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Peter E. Jaquith ◽  
Richard M. Burns ◽  
Lee A. Duneclift ◽  
Massood Gaskari ◽  
Thomas Green ◽  
...  

During the past ten years, both U.S. and foreign shipyards have developed advanced unitization concepts that include multi-level assemblies representing large vertical segments of ship machinery spaces. This paper describes a parametrically derived family of large, fully integrated standard machinery units that are applicable over a range of ship types and installed horsepower. The results include a hierarchy of standard units, the selection of standard unit sizes and interfaces, the development of parametric standards for system design, engine room arrangement and structural design, and machinery unit structural and outfitting design. Benchmarking is reported with respect to Japanese and European shipbuilding practices, and with respect to U.S. land based industrial plant design and construction practices. The proposed unitization concept is demonstrated in a ship-specific engine room arrangement design effort. A business assessment for this unitization concept is presented which addresses its potential shipbuilding cost and schedule impacts as evaluated by three U.S. shipyards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
. Zuhair ◽  
. Suwoto ◽  
Topan Setiadipura ◽  
Zaki Su'ud

When conducting a nuclear reactor transient analysis, the most important parameter, called the kinetic parameter, is required. The calculation of kinetic parameters can be conducted using several methods. The deterministic method is one possible method that relies on the forward and adjoint neutron fluxes to provide the kinetic parameters calculation based on the perturbation theory. In this study, the Monte Carlo transport code MCNP6 was utilized to perform the exact prediction of the kinetic parameters of a pebble bed reactor. The core was modelled with a different fuel composition of uranium loading per pebble, <sup>235</sup>U enrichment and H/D ratio. It was found that <em>k</em>eff strongly depends on the uranium loading, uranium enrichment and H/D ratio while the <em>β</em>eff dependence is insignificant. The increase in the prompt neutron lifetime (ℓ) and mean generation time (Ʌ) as a function of H/D ratio are insignificant as compared to the decrease of those parameters in the case of uranium loading or uranium enrichment. These results conclude that the selection of uranium loading per pebble, <sup>235</sup>U enrichment and H/D ratio should be considered carefully for the control and inherent safety performances


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