Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a widespread health issue with unclear etiology that has been linked to a history of trauma among women. This condition is known to be highly comorbid with, and potentially exacerbated by psychiatric conditions, as well as other gynecological concerns and functional pain syndromes. Many comorbid conditions are also related to a history of trauma, and cases of CPP with comorbidity are known to be resistant to treatment. While the prevalence of a traumatic history among females with CPP has been established, less is known about how the role of trauma is addressed in the intervention literature. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore how the role of trauma, and to a lesser extent, mental health, is addressed in modern intervention studies for females with CPP. All qualitative and quantitative studies providing primary or secondary results of an intervention for females with CPP published between January 1998 and May 2018 were included and coded independently by two reviewers. Twenty-eight articles met inclusion criteria. Of these, none focused exclusively on patients with a history of trauma; one study implicitly focused on trauma-specific symptoms as an outcome, while two studies screened patients for a history of trauma. Of the 10 studies with a focus on mental health, only three simultaneously addressed trauma. To address this gap in the literature, future studies can prioritize intervention designs that place emphasis on the role of trauma in regard to patient characteristics and outcome variables.
Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women with a History of Essure Placement: A Systematic Review of Differential Diagnosis and Management Options