Fetal and postnatal zinc restriction: sex differences in the renal renin-angiotensin system of newborn and adult Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 108385 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Natalia Gobetto ◽  
Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú ◽  
Carolina Caniffi ◽  
Luciana Veiras ◽  
Rosana Elesgaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Sex Differences in Hypertension: Contribution of the Renin–Angiotensin System

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Maric-Bilkan ◽  
Michaele B. Manigrasso
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Abstract 13174: Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics, Management and Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Faction: Insights From the CHART-2 Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Tsuji ◽  
Yasuhiko Sakata ◽  
Masanobu Miura ◽  
Soichiro Tadaki ◽  
Ryoichi Ushigome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: The number of the patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. However, sex differences in patients with HFpEF remain to be elucidated. Methods and Results: We examined sex differences in 3,124 consecutive patients with HFpEF (EF≥50%, mean 69.4years, 34.7% female) registered in our Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District-2 (CHART-2) Study (N=10,219). Female patients, as compared with male patients, were characterized by higher age (72 vs. 68 years, P<0.01), higher LVEF (67 vs. 64%, P<0.01), higher heart rate (74 vs. 70bpm, PNYHA class III (14.1 vs. 7.0%, P<0.01), higher BNP levels (106 vs. 73pg/mL, P<0.01), lower prevalence of coronary artery disease (30 vs. 53%, P<0.01) and lower prescription rates of renin angiotensin system inhibitors (64.7 vs. 71.8%, P<0.01) and beta-blockers (37.8 vs. 43.9%, P<0.01). During the median 3.2-year follow-up, 147 female patients and 245 males died. Although there was no sex difference in all-cause mortality (13.6 vs. 12.0%, P=0.11), female patients more frequently died due to cardiovascular causes (53.7 vs. 39.2%, hazard ratio (HR): 1.62, 95% CI 1.20-2.18, P<0.01), and experienced more HF admissions (12.6 vs. 9.8%, HR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.08-1.68, P<0.01). Use of beta-blockers or renin-angiotensin system inhibitors was not associated with decreased incidence of death or HF admission in both sexes. In contrast, use of statins was associated with reduced incidence of all-cause death in both sexes (males and females; adjusted HR, 0.59 and 0.57; 95% CI 0.46-0.77 and 0.47-0.70, respectively, both P<0.01) and was also associated with reduced incidence of HF admission in males (adjusted HR: 0.67, 95%CI 0.53-0.85, P<0.01) but not in females (adjusted HR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.63-1.10, P=0.19). Conclusions: As compared with males, female patients with HFpEF were characterized by severer condition of HF and increased risk of cardiovascular death and HF admission. Although statin use was equally associated with improved mortality in both sexes, female patients with HFpEF may benefit from statins less than males in terms of reduction of HF admission.

scholarly journals Differences in the expression of the renin angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system during the course of myocardial infarction in male and female Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 147032031990003
Author(s):  
Jazmín Flores-Monroy ◽  
Diego Lezama-Martínez ◽  
Salvador Fonseca-Coronado ◽  
Luisa Martínez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Kallikrein Kinin System

Background: There is some evidence that components of the renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system are not similarly regulated in both sexes. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1 receptor, angiotensin 2 receptor, beta-1 receptor, and beta-2 receptor during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Methods: Thirty-six male and 36 female Wistar rats were used. Myocardial infarction was induced. Six groups of both sexes were formed, ( n=6): (a) sham; (b) 48 h myocardial infarction; (c) one week myocardial infarction; (d) two weeks myocardial infarction; (e) three weeks myocardial infarction and (f) four weeks myocardial infarction. The expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the penumbra of left ventricle. Results: The mRNA expression of most biomarkers was lower in females than in males. During acute infarction, an increase of all protein expression was found in female and at two weeks while in the male only biomarker changes occurred at three weeks. In addition, in male biomarkers mRNA expression decreased during chronic infarction while in females it did not. Conclusions: The renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system biomarkers expression occurs at earlier times in the female than in the male rat. In addition, during chronic myocardial infarction these biomarkers remained unchanged in females while in males they decreased.

Abstract P281: Alamandine-induced Vasorelaxation is Selectively Increased in Sp-shr

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Leao ◽  
Gisele Etelvino ◽  
Robson Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dose Dependent

The renin angiotensin system is implicated in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. It’s actions are dependent of counter-regulatory modulation of its vasopressor and vasodepressor axes. Recently, our laboratory described and characterized a new component the RAS, alamandine and its receptor, the MrgD. Alamandine can be formed from angiotensin A through the action ACE2 or from angiotensin-(1-7), by a still unknown decarboxylase. Among the actions of alamandine, a endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aortic rings of mice and rats has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine in aortic rings of hypertensive rats. The vasorelaxing effect of alamandine was tested in aortic rings taken from SP-SHR, Wistar and SHR, pre-contracted with phenylephrine (0.1 μM) with and without enthotelium or in the presence of L-Name (100 μM ) or Indomethacin ( 10 μM). In aortic rings from SP-SHR alamandine produced a pronounced dose-dependent relaxation when compared with Wistar (Emax= 80± 6,0 vs 45 ± 4). This response was diminished in the presence of L-Name (Emax= 39 ± 7 in SP-SHR and 1,0 ± 3 in Wistar). Indomethacin also attenuated the vasorelaxation produced by alamandine in aortic rings from SP-SHR (Emax = 40 ± 4,0), while a smaller effect was observed in Wistar rats (Emax= 31 ± 4). The vasorelaxing effect of alamandine in SP-SHR was abolished in endothelium desnude rings (Emax= -9 ± 4). When we compare two models of animals with hypertension, SHR-SP and SHR the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine was also more pronounced in SP-SHR ( Emax = 80± 6,0 and 38 ± 4 respectively).Taken together these results suggest that the vasorelaxing effect of alamandine is selectively increased in SP-SHR. The mechanism of it effect in SP-SHR appears to involve NO and prostaglandins release.

Sex-Differences in Initiation of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Malmborg ◽  
Nicholas Carlson ◽  
Michelle D. S. Schmiegelow ◽  
Thomas Gerds ◽  
Morton Schou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

scholarly journals Sex differences in renal hemodynamics and renin-angiotensin system activity post-CPAP therapy in humans with obstructive sleep apnea

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. F25-F34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. M. Nicholl ◽  
Patrick J. Hanly ◽  
Ann A. Zalucky ◽  
George B. Handley ◽  
Darlene Y. Sola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cpap Therapy ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Men have faster loss of kidney function and greater renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity compared with women. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in chronic kidney disease; the vascular effects of OSA differ by sex, and OSA-associated glomerular hyperfiltration can be reversed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. We evaluated sex differences in the effect of CPAP on renal hemodynamics and the renal RAS in OSA. Twenty-nine Na+-replete, otherwise healthy study participants with OSA (10 women and 19 men) with nocturnal hypoxemia were studied pre- and post-CPAP (>4 h/night for 4 wk). Renal hemodynamics [renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and filtration fraction(FF)] were measured at baseline and in response to ANG II challenge, as a marker of renal RAS activity, pre- and post-CPAP therapy for 1 mo. In women, CPAP was associated with increased RPF (626 ± 22 vs. 718 ± 43 mL/min, P = 0.007, pre- vs. post-CPAP), maintained GFR (108 ± 2 vs. 105 ± 3 mL/min, P = 0.8), and reduced FF (17.4 ± 0.8% vs. 15.0 ± 0.7%, P = 0.017). In men, CPAP was associated with maintained RPF (710 ± 37 vs. 756 ± 38 mL/min, P = 0.1), maintained GFR (124 ± 8 vs. 113 ± 6 mL/min, P = 0.055), and reduced FF (18.6 ± 1.7% vs. 15.5 ± 1.1%, P = 0.035). Pre-CPAP, there were no sex differences in renal hemodynamic responses to ANG II. CPAP use was associated with a greater renovasoconstrictive response to ANG II in women (RPF at Δ30 min: −100 ± 27 vs. −161 ± 25 mL/min, P = 0.007, and RPF at Δ60 min: −138 ± 27 vs. −206 ± 32 mL/min, P = 0.007) but not men. CPAP use was associated with improved renal hemodynamics in both sexes and downregulated renal RAS activity in women but not men.

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