scholarly journals A hidden community: Facial disfigurement as a globally neglected human rights issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllida Swift Phyllida ◽  
Kathleen Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
Rights Issue

The (co)evolution of human rights advocacy: Understanding human rights issue emergence over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baekkwan Park ◽  
Amanda Murdie ◽  
David R Davis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Advocacy Network ◽  
Human Rights Advocacy ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Over Time

How does the discussion of human rights issues change over time? Without advocates adopting a human rights issue in the first place, international ‘shaming’ cannot occur. In this article, we examine how human rights discussions converge and diverge around new frames and new issues over time. Human rights norms do not evolve alone; their prevalence, framing, and focus are all dependent on how they relate to other norms in the advocacy community. Drawing on over 30,000 documents from dozens of human rights organizations from 1990 to 2011, we provide a temporal overview and visualization of the ebb and flow of human rights issues. Using our new dataset and state-of-the-art methods from computer science, our approach allows us to quantitatively examine (a) how new issues emerge in the advocacy network, (b) the relationship of these new issues to extant human rights advocacy and information, and (c) how the framing and specificity of these issues change over time. By focusing on the process by which a new issue gets incorporated into the work of advocates, we provide an empirical assessment of the first step in the causal process connecting shaming to improvement in human rights practices.

The Continuum of Violence against Women and the Challenges of Effective Redress

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashida Manjoo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
The Continuum

Globally violence against women is a systemic and widespread problem. Despite the recognition of such violence as a violation of human rights, its numerous manifestations and increasing prevalence rates are a source of concern. The mandate of the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences has over the eighteen years of its existence examined the phenomena both conceptually and in practice, through thematic reports and country mission reports, respectively. This article focuses on 4 aspects of violence against women. (1) It provides an overview of the evolution of violence against women as a human rights issue. (2) It examines the different manifestations of violence against women. (3) It examines the interpretation by States of their obligation to exercise due diligence in responding to and preventing violence against women. (4) It proposes a holistic approach to dealing with the issue of Violence against Women.

scholarly journals Widespread emergency department access block: a human rights issue in Australia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Allison ◽  
Tarun Bastiampillai ◽  
Richard O’Reilly ◽  
Steven S Sharfstein ◽  
David Castle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Care ◽  
Lengths Of Stay ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Rights Issue

Objective: There are increasing demands on emergency psychiatrists with higher numbers of mental health presentations, and longer stays in emergency departments (EDs). Australia, like other English speaking countries, funds considerably lower numbers of psychiatric beds than average for Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Consequently, acute bed occupancy is high, and a bed is frequently unavailable when a person needs admission. Patients with serious mental illness can wait days in busy and overstimulating EDs, become agitated and assaultive, and then require chemical and physical restraint. All patients have a right to safe high quality care, but the paucity of beds deprives patients of this right. The Australasian College of Emergency Medicine recommends reporting ED access block to health ministers, and human rights and/or health rights commissioners, and recommends increased funding for inpatient psychiatric care, emergency mental health and after-hours community services, together with more alcohol and other drug programs. Conclusions: It is challenging for emergency physicians and psychiatrists to provide optimal care for acutely unwell patients who stay extended periods in the ED. Increasing the availability of inpatient care must be considered as part of a comprehensive solution for minimising ED lengths of stay in Australia.

The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Lands Once Part of the Old Dominions of the Crown

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Mason
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
Rights Issue

Of all the rights of indigenous people, none is more central to the survival of their culture than the claim to their ancestral lands. The resolution of their claims to ancestral lands is one of the fundamental issues of our time—indeed of all time. Often called a human rights issue—a description apt to reinforce the strong moral foundations of the claims of the indigenous peoples—it is an issue which we cannot ignore. Throughout the world people of all races and all colours have a powerful emotional attachment to their ancestral lands. That attachment is the very core of a people's culture and is vital to the survival of the culture. As the UN Human Rights Committee has recognised, in the context of the exercise of cultural rights protected by Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, “culture manifests itself in many forms, including a particular way of life associated with the use of land resources”.

scholarly journals Human rights v. Insufficient climate action: The Urgenda case

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Leijten
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
European Court ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Rights Issue

Climate change is a human rights issue, but what exactly can courts require States to do in this regard? This contribution discusses the Dutch Urgenda case, in which the Court of Appeals recently found a violation of Articles 2 (right to life) and 8 (right to respect for private and family life) of the European Convention on Human Rights and ordered the State to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2020. Looking at the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on environmental issues, as well as the nature of positive obligations, it appears that Urgenda involves a more abstract situation and a more precise positive obligation than is usually the case in human rights adjudication. Because ex post facto complaints are no solution, and in light of the growing number of Urgenda-like cases pending before (international) courts, efforts need to be made to ensure that human rights `fit' climate change cases and courts can provide effective protection in this regard.

Climate Change as a Business and Human Rights Issue: A Proposal for a Moral Typology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kristian Høyer TOFT
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Moral Duties ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Forward Looking

AbstractTo explore the emerging and contested issue of business and human rights in the area of climate change, this article provides a critical discussion from the viewpoint of moral philosophy. A novel typology of businesses’ human rights duties (‘duty’ is considered synonymous with ‘responsibility’ here) is proposed. It claims that duties are both forward- and backward-looking. Cases of human rights litigation seeking remedy for climate-related harms are backward-looking, and duties should be determined on the basis of proportion of historical emissions, culpable knowledge and counter-acts to abate climate harms. Businesses’ forward-looking duties, however, depend on their power, privilege, interest and collective abilities. The typology is then assessed against the background of recent legal principles and instruments. It is concluded that moral duties of business reach beyond mere respect for human rights and national jurisdictions in the context of climate change.

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