The construction of a novel xenograft bovine bone scaffold, (DSS)6-liposome/CKIP-1 siRNA/calcine bone and its osteogenesis evaluation on skull defect in rats

Tocotrienol mixtures have been shown to exert anabolic actions on the skeletal system in animal studies, but it is unclear which tocotrienol isomer shows the most prominent effects. This study aims to investigate the most active tocotrienol isomers using hFOB 1.19 human osteoblasts cultured on a bovine bone scaffold. The bovine trabecular bone was sectioned, demineralised and freeze-dried to form the scaffold. hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts were cultured on the bone scaffolds in humidified condition at 37 °C and 5% carbon dioxide with vitamin E isomers (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol). The cell differentiation capacity of tocotrienol isomers was investigated through morphological observation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin expression. Changes in the bone scaffolds were determined using histomorphometry methods. Osteoblast culture treated with gamma- and delta-tocotrienols showed a significant increase in ALP activity and osteocalcin expression. Bone structural histomorphometry analysis showed that bone scaffolds treated with gamma- and delta-tocotrienol showed significant increases in bone volume and trabecular thickness. In conclusion, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol show the most prominent bone anabolic effects by increasing osteoblast differentiation and enhancing bone microstructure.

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The Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Based Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.5.6306 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1272-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camelia Tecu ◽

Aurora Antoniac ◽

Gultekin Goller ◽

Mustafa Guven Gok ◽

Marius Manole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Cosmetic Surgery ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oyster Shell ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Sintering Behavior ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Human Teeth

Bone reconstruction is a complex process which involves an osteoconductive matrix, osteoinductive signaling, osteogenic cells, vascularization and mechanical stability. Lately, to improve the healing of the bone defects and to accelerate the bone fusion and bone augmentation, bioceramic composite materials have been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedics and dentistry, as well as in cosmetic surgery. Of all types of bioceramics, the most used is hydroxyapatite, because of its similar properties to those of the human bone and better mechanical properties compared to b-tricalcium phosphate [1]. Currently, the most used raw materials sources for obtaining the hydroxyapatite are: bovine bone, seashells, corals, oyster shell, eggshells and human teeth. There are two common ways to obtain hydroxyapatite: synthetically and naturally. Generally, for the improvement of the mechanical properties and the structural one, hydroxyapatite is subjected to the sintering process. Considering the disadvantages of hydroxyapatite such as poor biodegradation rate, b-TCP has been developed, which has some disadvantages too, such as brittleness. For this reason, the aim of this study is to look into the effect of adding magnesium oxide on the sintering behavior, the structure and the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate composites.

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The Influence of Nanohydroxyapatite on Selected Properties of Polyurethane-Based Bone Scaffold

Materials Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iocn2020-07995 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Aleksandra Lach ◽

Kinga Pielichowska

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Bone Scaffold ◽

Large Group

Polyurethanes (PUs) are defined as a large group of synthetic polymers that contain repeated urethane linkages in their backbone. [...]

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Evaluation of a bone filler scaffold for local antibiotic delivery to prevent Staphylococcus aureus infection in a contaminated bone defect

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89830-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karen E. Beenken ◽

Mara J. Campbell ◽

Aura M. Ramirez ◽

Karrar Alghazali ◽

Christopher M. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Bone Filler ◽

Antibiotic Release ◽

Local Antibiotic ◽

Antibiotic Delivery

AbstractWe previously reported the development of an osteogenic bone filler scaffold consisting of degradable polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bovine bone particles. The current study was aimed at evaluating the use of this scaffold as a means of local antibiotic delivery to prevent infection in a bone defect contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. We evaluated two scaffold formulations with the same component ratios but differing overall porosity and surface area. Studies with vancomycin, daptomycin, and gentamicin confirmed that antibiotic uptake was concentration dependent and that increased porosity correlated with increased uptake and prolonged antibiotic release. We also demonstrate that vancomycin can be passively loaded into either formulation in sufficient concentration to prevent infection in a rabbit model of a contaminated segmental bone defect. Moreover, even in those few cases in which complete eradication was not achieved, the number of viable bacteria in the bone was significantly reduced by treatment and there was no radiographic evidence of osteomyelitis. Radiographs and microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis from the in vivo studies also suggested that the addition of vancomycin did not have any significant effect on the scaffold itself. These results demonstrate the potential utility of our bone regeneration scaffold for local antibiotic delivery to prevent infection in contaminated bone defects.

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