Agranulocytosis and Good Syndrome in Patient with Thymoma—The Role of Immunosuppressive Treatment after Thymectomy

Present article describes glucocorticoid prescriptions in nephrology and renal transplantation, the dosages in induction and maintenance treatment phases and discontinuation. Key evidence and landmark trials are referenced, to establish the basis for modern glucocorticoid application in specific kidney disease indications. The glucocorticoid regimens in IgA glomerulonephritis, major primary glomerular diseases with nephrotic syndrome, vasculitides and tubulointerstitial nephritis are described. Various schemes for glucocorticoid dosage in lupus nephritis are given. The evolution of glucocorticoid usage in kidney transplantation is delineated and the modern role of these drugs in renal transplantation is defined. There are attempts to replace glucocorticoids with adrenocorticotrophic hormone in some glomerular diseases. Despite being relatively old drugs and having numerous side effects, glucocorticoids still function as major therapeutic agents for specific immunosuppressive treatment in nephrology.

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Bioluminescent Ross River Virus Allows Live Monitoring of Acute and Long-Term Alphaviral Infection by In Vivo Imaging

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11070584 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 584 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Essia Belarbi ◽

Vincent Legros ◽

Justine Basset ◽

Philippe Desprès ◽

Pierre Roques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Bioluminescent Signal

Arboviruses like chikungunya and Ross River (RRV) are responsible for massive outbreaks of viral polyarthritis. There is no effective treatment or vaccine available against these viruses that induce prolonged and disabling arthritis. To explore the physiopathological mechanisms of alphaviral arthritis, we engineered a recombinant RRV expressing a NanoLuc reporter (RRV-NLuc), which exhibited high stability, near native replication kinetics and allowed real time monitoring of viral spread in an albino mouse strain. During the acute phase of the disease, we observed a high bioluminescent signal reflecting viral replication and dissemination in the infected mice. Using Bindarit, an anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits monocyte recruitment, we observed a reduction in viral dissemination demonstrating the important role of monocytes in the propagation of the virus and the adaptation of this model to the in vivo evaluation of treatment strategies. After resolution of the acute symptoms, we observed an increase in the bioluminescent signal in mice subjected to an immunosuppressive treatment 30 days post infection, thus showing active in vivo replication of remnant virus. We show here that this novel reporter virus is suitable to study the alphaviral disease up to the chronic phase, opening new perspectives for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

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COVID-19 in Autoinflammatory Diseases with Immunosuppressive Treatment

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 605

Author(s):

Tatjana Welzel ◽

Samuel Dembi Samba ◽

Reinhild Klein ◽

Johannes N. van den Anker ◽

Jasmin B. Kuemmerle-Deschner

Keyword(s):

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Case Series ◽

Autoinflammatory Diseases ◽

Treatment Intensification ◽

Positive Antibody ◽

Mediterranean Fever ◽

Role Of It ◽

Positive Antibody Response

COVID-19 disease increases interleukin (IL)-1β release. Anti-IL-1-treatment is effective in IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases (AID). This case series presents COVID-19 in patients with IL-1-mediated and unclassified AID with immunosuppressive therapy (IT). Patient 1 is a 34-year-old woman with an unclassified AID and methotrexate. Patients 2 and 3 (14-year-old girl and 12-year-old boy, respectively) have a Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (NLRP3 p.Q703K heterozygous, CAPS) treated with canakinumab 150 mg/month since three and five years, respectively. Patient 4 is a 15-year-old girl who has had familial Mediterranean fever (MEFV p.M694V homozygous) for 3 years treated with canakinumab 150 mg/month and colchicine. All patients had a mild acute COVID-19 course, particularly the adolescent patients. A few weeks after COVID-19 recovery, both CAPS patients developed increased AID activity, necessitating anti-IL-1-treatment intensification in one patient. At day 100, one out of four patients (25%) showed positive antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. This is one of the first reports providing follow-up data about COVID-19 in AID. The risk for severe acute COVID-19 disease was mild/moderate, but increased AID activity post-COVID-19 was detected. Follow-up data and data combination are needed to expand understanding of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 immunity in AID and the role of IT.

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Recent Developments in HLA B27 Anterior Uveitis

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.608134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Denis Wakefield ◽

Daniel Clarke ◽

Peter McCluskey

Keyword(s):

Anterior Uveitis ◽

Association Studies ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Hla B27 ◽

Research Attention ◽

Large Gene ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Recent Developments

There has been steady progress in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and effective treatment of acute anterior uveitis (AU) over the past 5 years. Large gene wide association studies have confirmed that AU is a polygenic disease, with overlaps with the seronegative arthropathies and inflammatory bowel diseases, associations that have been repeatedly confirmed in clinical studies. The role of the microbiome in AU has received increased research attention, with recent evidence indicating that human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA B27) may influence the composition of the gut microbiome in experimental animals. Extensive clinical investigations have confirmed the typical features of acute AU (AAU) and its response to topical, regional and systemic immunosuppressive treatment. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines has resulted in studies confirming the value of anti-cytokine therapy [anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) therapy] in severe and recurrent cases of AAU, particularly in subjects with an associated spondyloarthopathy (SpA) and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated AAU.

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Nonspecific immunomodulation influences resistance of mice to experimental infection with Mesocestoides corti and Ascaris suum

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00010580 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Heřmánek

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Ascaris Suum ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Decisive Role ◽

T Cell Immunity ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Cell Immunity ◽

Immunosuppressed Mice ◽

Subsequent Administration

ABSTRACTThe influence of nonspecific immunomodulation on the course of experimental infection was examined in larval cestodosis (Mesocestoides corti) and ascaridosis (Ascaris suum) in mice. Immunosuppressive treatment (with azathioprine or hydrocortisone) resulted in a decrease of resistance in both models. The subsequent administration of T-activin to immunosuppressed mice led to the restoration of resistance to a level equal to that of untreated control mice. The administration of different immunomodulators partially protected mice against M. corti (T-activin. thymomodulin) or A. suum (T-activin. thymomodulin. thymosin fr.5. bursa-activin) infection. The protective effect of different treatments did not correlate with the level of specific antibody in the sera of infected mice. These results, which confirmed the decisive role of T-cell immunity in the resistance to the helminth infections, raise the possibility of the use of immunomodulators (thymic preparations) in the immunoprophylaxis of helminthoses.

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Role of Myokines in Myositis Pathogenesis and Their Potential to be New Therapeutic Targets in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/9079083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vlad Mageriu ◽

Emilia Manole ◽

Alexandra E. Bastian ◽

Florica Staniceanu

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Inflammatory Process ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Therapeutic Targets ◽

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽

Inflammatory Myopathies ◽

Autoimmune Process ◽

Antagonistic Action ◽

Scientific Approach

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) represent a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases whose treatment is often a challenge. Many patients, even after immunosuppressive therapy, do not respond to treatment, so new alternatives have been sought for this. Therefore, other signaling pathways that could contribute to the pathogenesis of myositis have been investigated, such as the expression of myokines in skeletal muscle in response to the inflammatory process. In this review, we will refer to these muscle cytokines that are overexpressed or downregulated in skeletal muscle in patients with various forms of IIM, thus being able to contribute to the maintenance of the autoimmune process. Some muscle cytokines, through their antagonistic action, may be a helpful contributor to the disease modulation, and thus, they could represent personalized treatment targets. Here, we consider the main myokines involved in the pathogenesis of myositis, expressing our view on the possibility of using them as potential therapeutic targets: interleukins IL-6, IL-15, and IL-18; chemokines CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20; myostatin; follistatin; decorin; osteonectin; and insulin-like 6. An interesting topic regarding the complex connection between myokines and noninflammatory pathways implied in IIM has also been briefly described, because it is an important scientific approach to the pathogenesis of IIM and can be a therapeutic alternative to be considered, especially for the patients who do not respond to immunosuppressive treatment.

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The role of triple immunosuppressive treatment in the successful implantation of islet grafts

Transplantation Proceedings ◽

10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00571-0 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 2794-2795

Author(s):

A Papalois ◽

A Nikolaou ◽

C Nikolaou ◽

B Papalois ◽

Ch Tountas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunosuppressive Treatment

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Acute myocarditis. Role of histological and virological examination in the diagnosis and assessment of immunosuppressive treatment.

Heart ◽

10.1136/hrt.51.1.30 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

K Daly ◽

P J Richardson ◽

E G Olsen ◽

P Morgan-Capner ◽

C McSorley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myocarditis ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment

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MO1000MAINTENANCE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN PREVENTION OF ACUTE REJECTION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab111.0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Safa Fattoum ◽

Mohamed Mongi Bacha ◽

Tasnim Mosbehi ◽

Nesrine Braiek ◽

Ezzedine Abderrzhim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Acute Rejection ◽

Low Dose ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽

Transplant Patients ◽

Group A ◽

Kidney Transplant Patients ◽

Group B

Abstract Background and Aims Acute rejection (AR) is a redoubtable immunological complication after kidney transplantation (KT). Maintenance immunosuppressive treatment (IS) is a corner stone in prevention of AR. The aim of this study was to define the role of different maintenance IS in preventing AR. Method It was a longitudinal, retrospective, analytical study including kidney transplant patients followed up in our department between 1986 and 2019. Our population was divided in 2 groups: group A (129 KT complicated by at least one episode of AR) and group B (491 KT not complicated by AR). Results All patients received low dose of corticosteroids (CS) in their IS. Calcineurin inhibitors (CI) were not prescribed in first intention in 33,3% of groups A patients versus 13,2% in group B. Cyclosporin A (CsA) was prescribed in first intention in 57,4% of group A patients versus 45,7% in group B. Tacrolimus was prescribed in first intention in 9,3% of group A patients versus 41,1% in group B (p<0,0001). All patients received Atimetabolite (AM) in their IS. In first intention, Azathioprin was prescribed in 73,6 % of group A patients and Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) was prescribed in 78,6% of group B patients (<0,0001). In first intention, maintenance IS consisted in low dose corticosteroids (CS) associated with AM in 13,5% of our patients. CI was associated to CS and AM in 86,5% of patients. Tritherapy was significantly more used than biotherapy in group A (p<0,0001). Different associations used were CS+Aza, CS+MMF, CS+AZA+CsA, CS+MMF+CsA or CS+MMF+ Tac. From group A, 74,8% of patients received CS+AZA or Cs+AZA+CsA. And from group B, 75,8% of patients received CS+MMF+CsA or CS+MMF+Tac. Conclusion Maintenance IS therapy must be well chosen according to immunological risk in order to prevent AR.

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Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.12.1005 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (12) ◽

pp. 1005-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. J. Fernbach

Keyword(s):

Wilms Tumor

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