scholarly journals Viral interference between low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 and avian infectious bronchitis viruses in vitro and in ovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Aouini ◽  
Nacira Laamiri ◽  
Abdeljelil Ghram
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Viral Interference ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza H9n2

scholarly journals Insertion of a Multibasic Cleavage Motif into the Hemagglutinin of a Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N1 Virus Induces a Highly Pathogenic Phenotype

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (16) ◽  
pp. 7953-7960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Munster ◽  
Eefje J. A. Schrauwen ◽  
Emmie de Wit ◽  
Judith M. A. van den Brand ◽  
Theo M. Bestebroer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

ABSTRACT The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus phenotype is restricted to influenza A viruses of the H5 and H7 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes. To obtain more information on the apparent subtype-specific nature of the HPAI virus phenotype, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H6N1 virus was generated, containing an HPAI H5 RRRKKR↓G multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) motif in HA (the downward arrow indicates the site of cleavage). This insertion converted the LPAI virus phenotype into an HPAI virus phenotype in vitro and in vivo. The H6N1 virus with an MBCS displayed in vitro characteristics similar to those of HPAI H5 viruses, such as cleavage of HA0 (the HA protein of influenza A virus initially synthesized as a single polypeptide precursor) and virus replication in the absence of exogenous trypsin. Studies of chickens confirmed the HPAI phenotype of the H6N1 virus with an MBCS, with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 1.4 and systemic virus replication upon intranasal inoculation, the hallmarks of HPAI viruses. This study provides evidence that the subtype-specific nature of the emergence of HPAI viruses is not at the molecular, structural, or functional level, since the introduction of an MBCS resulted in a fully functional virus with an HPAI virus genotype and phenotype.

Interference between low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 and avirulent Newcastle diseases viruses in embryonated Specific Pathogen-Free chicken eggs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Amal Essalah-Bennani ◽  
Asma Fagrach ◽  
Abderrazak El Khantour ◽  
Ouafaa Fassi Fihri ◽  
Moncef Bouzouaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has become a worrying concern for the poultry industry. The problem arises when the hidden virus influences the replication of another suspected virus. Subsequently, misdiagnosis of the actual cause may be ended up as a source of contamination for the other healthy flocks by the spread of the covered-up virus. In this preliminary study, we determined the potential impact of concurrent infection with H9N2 and avirulent NDV (Lasota) on the virus replication in Specific Pathogen-Free embryonated chicken egg (SPF-ECE) model. Assessment of the potential interference phenomena was carried out based on embryonic lesions, mortalities, and virus replication using real-time PCR. Our results showed that H9N2 interferes with LaSota growth, regardless of which infection occurred first. Our obtained preliminary results are a call for scientists to study the interference between LPAIV H9N2 and NDV both in-vivo and in-vitro in more detail.

Case study of low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 on commercial egg layers farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
A.V. Varkentin ◽  
◽  
V.N. Irza ◽  
M.S. Volkov ◽  
L.A. Demchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza H9n2

scholarly journals Deletion of the C-terminal ESEV domain of NS1 does not affect the replication of a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 in ducks and chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien M. Soubies ◽  
Thomas W. Hoffmann ◽  
Guillaume Croville ◽  
Thibaut Larcher ◽  
Mireille Ledevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N1 viruses caused a series of epizootics in Italy between 1999 and 2001. The emergence of these HPAI viruses coincided with the deletion of the six amino acids R225VESEV230 at the C terminus of NS1. In order to assess how the truncation of NS1 affected virus replication, we used reverse genetics to generate a wild-type low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N1 virus with a 230aa NS1 (H7N1230) and a mutant virus with a truncated NS1 (H7N1224). The 6aa truncation had no impact on virus replication in duck or chicken cells in vitro. The H7N1230 and H7N1224 viruses also replicated to similar levels and induced similar immune responses in ducks or chickens. No significant histological lesions were detected in infected ducks, regardless of the virus inoculated. However, in chickens, the H7N1230 virus induced a more severe interstitial pneumonia than did the H7N1224 virus. These findings indicate that the C-terminal extremity of NS1, including the PDZ-binding motif ESEV, is dispensable for efficient replication of an LPAI virus in ducks and chickens, even though it may increase virulence in chickens, as revealed by the intensity of the histological lesions.

scholarly journals Molecular and Epidemiological overview on Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 in Egypt between 2015 and 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Adel ◽  
Wesam Mady ◽  
Zienab Mosad ◽  
Fatema Amer ◽  
Asmaa Shaaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza H9n2
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