Effect of injectable copper, selenium, zinc and manganese on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) synchronized for timed embryo transfer

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N.S. Sales ◽  
R.V.V. Pereira ◽  
R.C. Bicalho ◽  
P.S. Baruselli
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus

86 Difficulty of Transfer of In Vivo-Derived Bovine Embryos and Route of Administration of Flunixin Meglumine at the Time of Transfer may Affect Pregnancy Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
J. Duran ◽  
D. Argudo ◽  
S. Bravo ◽  
C. Soria ◽  
G. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Chi Square Test

Recipient handling during embryo transfer (ET) induces prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) production in 2 periods: an early transient and rapid increase around the time of ET, followed by another 2 to 4 h later. This PGF2α is associated with embryonic loss during early gestation by affecting both the embryo and the corpus luteum. To control this, antiprostaglandins such as flunixin meglumine (FM) have been applied IM at the time of ET with varying results. In such studies, the interaction of IM administration of FM and difficulty of transfer has not always been evaluated, possibly confusing the interpretation of the results. Furthermore, IV FM injection at ET and its relationship with pregnancy rates (PR) has not been determined. The objectives were (1) to determine the relationship between difficulty of ET and PR; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of IM v. IV FM on pregnancy outcomes. One hundred and ten crossbred (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) heifers (18-24 months old) from 3 farms were used as recipients. Two evaluation systems of ET difficulty were used: (1) duration of transfer (objective determination of the elapsed time measured in seconds between the introduction of the catheter and embryo release), and (2) level of difficulty experienced by the practitioner (subjective determination; 1 = minimum and 2 = medium to extreme manipulation). Quality 1 and 2 fresh embryos from superovulated cows were transferred by the same practitioner. At ET, recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Control (no treatment, n = 31); (2) FM-IM (n = 39): injected IM with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM at ET; and (3) FM-IV (N = 40): injected with 2.2 mg kg−1 FM IV at ET. Pregnancy was diagnosed at 30 to 40 and 60 to 90 days after ET. Spearman’s test was performed to determine the correlation between duration and difficulty at ET and Chi-square test was used to compare PR. The mean duration of transfer for all heifers was 62.3 ± 57.5 s (11 to 357 s; median: 44.5 s). There was a high correlation (0.8; P < 0.001) between the ET difficulty evaluation systems. Overall, ET difficulty 1 had higher PR than ET difficulty 2 (64.2 v. 40.7; P = 0.013). The PR was significantly improved (P < 0.01) in the FM-IV group (75 and 70% at 30 and 60 days after ET) compared with control (45.2 and 32.3%) and FM-IM (33.3 and 30.7%). In conclusion, results indicate that the difficulty of transfer affects PR achieved following the transfer of in vivo-derived bovine embryos. Treatment with FM-IV following transfer resulted in significantly higher PR compared with control and FM-IM recipients. The IV injection of FM may antagonize the very early and transient increase of PGF2α caused by genital tract manipulation (even gently performed) at embryo transfer. Further research is necessary to confirm the results of the present study.

scholarly journals 166 EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH hCG OR GnRH AT THE TIME OF EMBRYO TRANSFER ON PREGNANCY RATES IN COWS SYNCHRONIZED WITH PROGESTERONE VAGINAL DEVICES, ESTRADIOL BENZOATE, AND eCG

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tribulo ◽  
E. Balla ◽  
L. Cutaia ◽  
G.A. Bo ◽  
P.S. Baruselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
To Receive

Although several studies have investigated the relationship between circulating progesterone and pregnancy rates in cattle, the beneficial effect of treatments that increase progesterone concentrations, by insertion of a progesterone (P4) releasing device or induction of an accessory CL with hCG, GnRH, or LH treatment, has resulted in inconsistent effects on pregnancy rates in embryo recipients. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of hCG or GnRH treatment, given at the time of embryo transfer without estrus detection, on pregnancy rates in recipients treated with intrauterine P4-releasing devices, estradiol benzoate (EB), and eCG. The experiment was performed in two replicates; non-lactating Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred beef cows with a body condition score between 2.5 to 3.5 (1-to-5 scale) were used (replicate 1, n = 180; replicate 2, n = 140). All cows received 1 g of P4 via a P4-releasing device (DIB, Syntex, Argentina) and 2 mg EB i.m. (Syntex) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG i.m. (Novormon 5000, Syntex) plus 150 μg d(+)cloprostenol i.m. (Ciclase, Syntex) on Day 5. DIBs were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg EB i.m. on Day 9. Recipients were not observed for signs of estrus, and those >1 CL, or a single CL with an area >256 mm2, received 195 Grade 1 and 46 Grade 2 frozen/thawed “direct transfer” embryos on Day 17. At the time of embryo transfer, recipients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups to receive 1500 IU hCG (Ovusyn, Syntex), 50 μg Lecirelina (GnRH, Gonasyn, Syntex), or no treatment (control) at that time. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed on Day 0 to determine ovarian status (only cows with a CL or a follicle >10 mm and uterine tone were used), on Day 17 to measure CL area, and 40 days after embryo transfer to determine pregnancy status. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and the effects of replication, technician, treatment, and embryo quality were considered in the model. From the 320 recipients treated with a DIB plus EB and eCG, 241 (75.3%) were selected to receive an embryo. Nine (3.7%) and 1 (0.4%) of the selected recipients had 2 and 3 CL, respectively. Pregnancy rates did not differ between replicates (replicate 1: 80/140, 57.1%; and replicate 2: 57/101, 56.4%; P = 0.84), technicians (technician 1: 65/118, 55.1%; and technician 2: 72/123, 58.5%; P = 0.64), or treatments (hCG: 43/80, 53.8%; GnRH: 45/83, 54.2%; and control: 49/78, 62.8% P = 0.99). However, pregnancy rates were higher (P = 0.001) in recipients receiving Grade 1 embryos (121/195, 62.1%) than in those receiving Grade 2 embryos (16/46, 34.8%). GnRH or hCG treatment at the time of embryo transfer did not increase pregnancy rates in recipients synchronized with P4 releasing devices, EB, and eCG. Research was supported by Syntex S.A., Estancia El Mangrullo S.A., and Agencia Cordoba Ciencia S.E.

scholarly journals Influence of Injectable Progesterone on the Pregnancy Rate of Heifers Receiving Bovine Embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Cezar Da Silva ◽  
Hélton Aparecido Garcia Gregianini ◽  
Jennifer Teodoro Ferreira Gregianini ◽  
José Antônio Dell’Aqua Junior ◽  
Jefferson Viana Alves Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos

Background: In vitro embryo production (IVEP) allows the spread of superior animal genetics, but pregnancy rates show a high variability with this biotechnique. In the initial stage of pregnancy, progesterone plays a fundamental role in uterine preparation, acting on embryonic growth, implantation, and development. However, on the day of the IVEP transfer to the recipients, progesterone levels may be lower than that expected, influencing the uterine environment and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate in heifers after the administration of injectable progesterone (P4) in the fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted inside a rural property near the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The experimental group consisted of 232 animals, including 78 zebuine (Bos indicus) and 154 mixed (½ blood B. indicus and ½ blood B. taurus) animals, aged between 16 and 24 months, with a mean weight of 300 and 330 kg for zebuine and mixed animals, respectively. The selected animals were previously synchronized using the progesterone-estrogen-prostaglandin-estrogen protocol. Embryo transfer was performed on day 18 of the protocol, which was 9 days after the removal of intravaginal progesterone implant. On day 15 of the protocol, that is, 144 h (6 days) after the device removal, the animals were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control Group (CG; 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscular) and Treated Group (P4G; 0.5 mL of injectable P4, 150 mg, intramuscular). Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the pregnancy rate at a 5% probability. After 23 days of embryo transfer, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The general pregnancy rate, considering all groups (CG and P4G) and breeds included, was 55.17% (128/232). The pregnancy rates of the P4G and CG groups, regardless of breeds, were 55.08% (65/118) and 55.26% (63/114), respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.8344). Angus animals presented a similar pregnancy rate in the P4G and CG groups of 54.93% (39/71) and 57.83% (48/83), respectively. Furthermore, similar results were found for the Nellore breed, with no difference in pregnancy rate between the CG (55.81%, 24/43) and P4G (48.57%, 17/35) groups.Discussion: The strategy of using P4 to increase the pregnancy rate is very widespread in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols, although differences still exist. The literature presents zero or negative effects, as in this study, when exogenous P4 was used to increase endogenous P4 concentrations and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. However, some studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of increasing blood P4 concentrations, and that the increased fertility depends on the method and time of P4 supplementation and the animal’s physiological state. In this context, the fact that the injectable progesterone supplementation did not increase the pregnancy rate in this study is justified mainly by factors such as the animal category used (heifers), time of P4 supplementation (day 4 after ovulation), biotechnology used (FTET), and the heterogeneous characteristics related to phases of the estrous cycle of heifers. Supplementation with 150 mg of injectable long-acting progesterone intramuscularly did not interfere in the pregnancy rate of Angus and Nellore heifers receiving bovine embryos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of follicular growth and progesterone production in Bos taurus cows strategically treated with insulin

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Andressa Stein Maffi ◽  
Mityelle da Costa Chaves Rodrigues ◽  
Lucas Balinhas Farias ◽  
Joabel Tonellotto dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Bueno Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Insulin Group ◽  
Vaginal Device

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of strategic insulin administration on follicular growth, progesterone production, and pregnancy rate in beef cattle. Two experiments were conducted, in experiment 1, 215 cows crossbreed cows (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) (Control Group, n = 109; Insulin Group, n = 106) were submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with application of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone on day 0. On day 9, the device was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered with 12.5 mg of dinoprost and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin for the treated animals. On day 11, artificial insemination (AI) was performed on all animals. On days 9 and 11 according to the protocol, was evaluated follicular growth and estrus manifestation, and 30 days after AI the pregnancy rate. In experiment 2, 85 cows were utilized, including Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, and crossbreeds (Control Group, n = 49 and Insulin Group, n = 36), and were submitted to the protocol for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), and progesterone concentrations were evaluated. On day 0, the cows received 2 mg of estradiol benzoate and a vaginal device containing progesterone. On day 5 of the protocol, 0.150 mg of cloprostenol was administered. On day 8, the vaginal device was removed and 20 mg of purified porcine pituitary extract and 0.25 UI kg-1 of insulin was given to the animals in the treatment group, and on day 9, 1 mg of estradiol benzoate was administered. On day 17, an embryo transfer was performed and blood collection for evaluation of progesterone levels in animals submitted to FTET were collected. In experiment 1, the follicular growth rate and the pregnancy rate were similar between groups (P > 0.05) and in experiment 2, the production of P4 was not different between the animals that received the insulin application and the control group. The utilization of a single dose of insulin for beef cows did not affect the ovulatory follicular diameter, progesterone concentrations, or pregnancy rate.

99 EFFECT OF SEASON AND WEIGHT GAIN ON PREGNANCY RATES OF EMBRYO RECIPIENTS RAISED UNDER PASTURE CONDITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
C. A. C. Fernandes ◽  
J. R. Ribeiro ◽  
M. P. Palhao ◽  
A. C. S. Figueiredo ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Precipitation

In most Brazilian farms, the management of embryo recipients is done exclusively under grazing systems. Thus, the seasonal variation of grass availability can affect the energy balance and reduce weight gain, and consequently affects the rate of pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the seasonal variation of daily weight gain (DWG) on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus). The study was performed in the southwest region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, during one year. Two periods were evaluated: dry (April to September, average precipitation of 470 mm and low grass availability) and rainy (October to March, average precipitation of 1930 mm and high grass availability) seasons. The recipients were kept in a grazing system (Brachiaria brizantha) with water and minerals available ad libitum. Embryos were produced in vitro by the same laboratory, using oocytes and sex-sorted semen from the Gir breed (Bos indicus). A total of 404 fresh embryos (N = 484, 45.4% during dry and 54.5% during rainy season) were transferred by the same technician on Day 7 days of the oestrous cycle – synchronized with prostaglandin – of the recipients, which were weighted at the day of embryo transfer and 23 to 25 days later, at the diagnostic of pregnancy. Animals were retrospectively allocated into 4 groups according to the DWG observed between embryo transfer and pregnancy diagnosis: G1 (N = 132) up to 150 g; G2 (N = 132) between 151 and 250 g; G3 (N = 119) between 251 and 350 g; and G4 (N = 99) greater than 350 g of DWG. The pregnancy rates were compared among DWG groups and between seasons by chi-squared. The logistic regression model was performed using the PROC GENMOD to test the model, including the effects of DWG, season, and the interaction (DWG × season). During the dry season, there was change in frequency distribution of the heifers among DWG groups, with lower frequency (P < 0.05) of heifers in high (G3 and G4) when compared with low (G1 and G2) DWG groups (33.2, 31.4, 21.8, and 13.6% for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively). Altogether, pregnancy rate was not different between dry and rainy seasons (42.3 v. 45.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). When compared to G1, pregnancy rate was higher (P < 0.05) for recipients with daily weight gain greater than 250 g day–1 (G3 and G4) (35.6, 40.6, 52.1, and 51.0% for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively). Only the effect of the DWG was significant in logistic regression, and the odds rate for each gram of DWG was 0.0039, which means that pregnancy rate improved 1.17 times for recipients with 300 g of DWG. In conclusion, the DWG after embryo transfer, but not the season itself, affect pregnancy rate of in vitro-produced embryo recipients. Biotran, FAPEMIG, and CnPQ are acknowledged.

170 Embryonic loss and pregnancy rate in response to resynchronisation using oestradiol benzoate or injectable progesterone at 14 days after timed AI in Bos taurus×Bos indicus beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
C. C. Vieira ◽  
V. Buss ◽  
A. M. Oliveira ◽  
M. E. R. Costa ◽  
B. G. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The effect of the exposure of pregnant cattle to oestradiol benzoate (EB) or injectable long-acting progesterone (iP4), as well as their use for early resynchronisation of non-pregnant (NP) females within the second week after timed AI (TAI), is yet to be assessed. This study aimed to assess the pregnancy rate and embryonic loss of cross-bred Bos taurus×Bos indicus beef heifers in response to an EB- or iP4-based resynchronisation strategy implemented 14 days after the first TAI. A total of 677 cyclic heifers (Braford and Brangus; 24 months old) were subjected to an EB/P4 synchronisation protocol for the first TAI (Day 0=TAI). On Day 14, all heifers received a new P4 intravaginal device (1g, Sincrogest, Ourofino Saúde Animal) and were randomly assigned to two groups: EB (1mg intramuscularly, Sincrodiol; n=339) or iP4 (75 mg intramuscularly, Sincrogest Injetável; n=338). On Day 22, P4 devices were removed and heifers underwent colour Doppler ultrasonography evaluation. Non-pregnant females were identified by the assessment of structural regression of the corpus luteum, as previously reported by our group. On Day 22, NP heifers received 1mg of oestradiol cipionate (SincroCP), 250µg of sodium cloprostenol (Sincrocio), and 200IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (SincroeCG), and they were inseminated on Day 24. On Day 22, the diameter of the preovulatory follicle (POF) was also recorded. Pregnancy was diagnosed via B-mode ultrasonography on Days 35-40 and 54. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (ver. 9.2, SAS Institute Inc.). The MIXED procedure was used to evaluate the POF diameter, and the GLIMMIX procedure was used to develop a multivariate model including treatment, breed, age, farm (1-7), and possible interactions of treatment with farm, breed, and age to evaluate the binomial data (pregnancy rates and embryonic loss). In NP heifers, the diameter of the POF on Day 22 did not differ (P&gt;0.05) between the EB (9.77±0.25mm) and iP4 (9.92±0.22 mm) groups. Exposure to EB or iP4 on Day 14 post-TAI did not influence pregnancy rates as assessed on Day 22 (56.3% (191/339) vs. 60.1% (203/338)) and on Days 35-40 (49.6% (168/339) vs. 53.3% (180/338)). In addition, embryonic loss between Days 22 and 35-40 was not different between the EB (12%, 23/191) and iP4 (11.3%, 23/203) groups. On the other hand, pregnancy rates in heifers submitted to the second TAI were greater (P=0.01) in the EB group (45.95%, 68/148) than in the iP4 group (31.85%, 43/135). In conclusion, improved pregnancy rates can be achieved using 1mg of EB associated with a P4 intravaginal device on Day 14 of the resynchronisation protocol without affecting the first TAI pregnancy rates and embryonic loss. However, further investigation is warranted to assess the lower pregnancy rates obtained in response to the association of iP4 and P4 device. This research was supported by FAPESP (2015/10606-9; 2019/15514-6), Graduate Studies Support Program (PAPG-UNIPAMPA), and Ourofino Saúde Animal.

Comparison of four synchronization protocols for fixed-time bovine embryo transfer in Bos indicus × Bos taurus recipients

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Nasser ◽  
E.L. Reis ◽  
M.A. Oliveira ◽  
G.A. Bó ◽  
P.S. Baruselli
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Bovine Embryo
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