99 EFFECT OF SEASON AND WEIGHT GAIN ON PREGNANCY RATES OF EMBRYO RECIPIENTS RAISED UNDER PASTURE CONDITIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
C. A. C. Fernandes ◽  
J. R. Ribeiro ◽  
M. P. Palhao ◽  
A. C. S. Figueiredo ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Precipitation

In most Brazilian farms, the management of embryo recipients is done exclusively under grazing systems. Thus, the seasonal variation of grass availability can affect the energy balance and reduce weight gain, and consequently affects the rate of pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the seasonal variation of daily weight gain (DWG) on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus). The study was performed in the southwest region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, during one year. Two periods were evaluated: dry (April to September, average precipitation of 470 mm and low grass availability) and rainy (October to March, average precipitation of 1930 mm and high grass availability) seasons. The recipients were kept in a grazing system (Brachiaria brizantha) with water and minerals available ad libitum. Embryos were produced in vitro by the same laboratory, using oocytes and sex-sorted semen from the Gir breed (Bos indicus). A total of 404 fresh embryos (N = 484, 45.4% during dry and 54.5% during rainy season) were transferred by the same technician on Day 7 days of the oestrous cycle – synchronized with prostaglandin – of the recipients, which were weighted at the day of embryo transfer and 23 to 25 days later, at the diagnostic of pregnancy. Animals were retrospectively allocated into 4 groups according to the DWG observed between embryo transfer and pregnancy diagnosis: G1 (N = 132) up to 150 g; G2 (N = 132) between 151 and 250 g; G3 (N = 119) between 251 and 350 g; and G4 (N = 99) greater than 350 g of DWG. The pregnancy rates were compared among DWG groups and between seasons by chi-squared. The logistic regression model was performed using the PROC GENMOD to test the model, including the effects of DWG, season, and the interaction (DWG × season). During the dry season, there was change in frequency distribution of the heifers among DWG groups, with lower frequency (P < 0.05) of heifers in high (G3 and G4) when compared with low (G1 and G2) DWG groups (33.2, 31.4, 21.8, and 13.6% for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively). Altogether, pregnancy rate was not different between dry and rainy seasons (42.3 v. 45.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). When compared to G1, pregnancy rate was higher (P < 0.05) for recipients with daily weight gain greater than 250 g day–1 (G3 and G4) (35.6, 40.6, 52.1, and 51.0% for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively). Only the effect of the DWG was significant in logistic regression, and the odds rate for each gram of DWG was 0.0039, which means that pregnancy rate improved 1.17 times for recipients with 300 g of DWG. In conclusion, the DWG after embryo transfer, but not the season itself, affect pregnancy rate of in vitro-produced embryo recipients. Biotran, FAPEMIG, and CnPQ are acknowledged.

scholarly journals Influence of Injectable Progesterone on the Pregnancy Rate of Heifers Receiving Bovine Embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Cezar Da Silva ◽  
Hélton Aparecido Garcia Gregianini ◽  
Jennifer Teodoro Ferreira Gregianini ◽  
José Antônio Dell’Aqua Junior ◽  
Jefferson Viana Alves Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos

Background: In vitro embryo production (IVEP) allows the spread of superior animal genetics, but pregnancy rates show a high variability with this biotechnique. In the initial stage of pregnancy, progesterone plays a fundamental role in uterine preparation, acting on embryonic growth, implantation, and development. However, on the day of the IVEP transfer to the recipients, progesterone levels may be lower than that expected, influencing the uterine environment and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate in heifers after the administration of injectable progesterone (P4) in the fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) protocol.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was conducted inside a rural property near the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The experimental group consisted of 232 animals, including 78 zebuine (Bos indicus) and 154 mixed (½ blood B. indicus and ½ blood B. taurus) animals, aged between 16 and 24 months, with a mean weight of 300 and 330 kg for zebuine and mixed animals, respectively. The selected animals were previously synchronized using the progesterone-estrogen-prostaglandin-estrogen protocol. Embryo transfer was performed on day 18 of the protocol, which was 9 days after the removal of intravaginal progesterone implant. On day 15 of the protocol, that is, 144 h (6 days) after the device removal, the animals were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control Group (CG; 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, intramuscular) and Treated Group (P4G; 0.5 mL of injectable P4, 150 mg, intramuscular). Chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of the pregnancy rate at a 5% probability. After 23 days of embryo transfer, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The general pregnancy rate, considering all groups (CG and P4G) and breeds included, was 55.17% (128/232). The pregnancy rates of the P4G and CG groups, regardless of breeds, were 55.08% (65/118) and 55.26% (63/114), respectively, with no statistical difference (P = 0.8344). Angus animals presented a similar pregnancy rate in the P4G and CG groups of 54.93% (39/71) and 57.83% (48/83), respectively. Furthermore, similar results were found for the Nellore breed, with no difference in pregnancy rate between the CG (55.81%, 24/43) and P4G (48.57%, 17/35) groups.Discussion: The strategy of using P4 to increase the pregnancy rate is very widespread in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols, although differences still exist. The literature presents zero or negative effects, as in this study, when exogenous P4 was used to increase endogenous P4 concentrations and, consequently, the pregnancy rate. However, some studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of increasing blood P4 concentrations, and that the increased fertility depends on the method and time of P4 supplementation and the animal’s physiological state. In this context, the fact that the injectable progesterone supplementation did not increase the pregnancy rate in this study is justified mainly by factors such as the animal category used (heifers), time of P4 supplementation (day 4 after ovulation), biotechnology used (FTET), and the heterogeneous characteristics related to phases of the estrous cycle of heifers. Supplementation with 150 mg of injectable long-acting progesterone intramuscularly did not interfere in the pregnancy rate of Angus and Nellore heifers receiving bovine embryos.

188 EFFECT OF TRANSFER OF FROZEN-THAWED IVF EMBRYOS ON PREGNANCY IN REPEAT-BREEDER INSEMINATED OR NON-INSEMINATED HOLSTEIN CATTLE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dochi ◽  
M. Tanisawa ◽  
S. Goda ◽  
H. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Repeat Breeder

Repeat-breeding is one of the important factors that affect dairy management. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of transfer of frozen–thawed IVF embryos on pregnancy in repeat-breeder Holstein cattle. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by aspiration of 2–1-mm follicles from ovaries obtained at a local abattoir. COCs were matured for 20 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 5% calf serum (CS) and 0.02 mg/mL of FSH at 38.5°C under a 5% CO2 atmosphere in air. Matured oocytes were inseminated with spermatozoa of 5 × 106/mL in BO solution (Brackett and Oliphant 1975 Biol. Reprod. 12, 260–274) containing 10 mM hypotaurine and 4 units/mL heparin. After 18 h of gamete co-culture, presumptive zygotes were cultured in CR1aa (Rosenkrans et al. 1991 Theriogenology 35, 266) supplemented with 5% CS for 8 days at 38.5°C under 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 atmosphere in air. After in vitro fertilization, Day 7 and Day 8 blastocysts were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG) in Dulbecco's PBS (DPBS) supplemented with 0.1 M sucrose and 20% CS. Embryos were transferred into a freezing medium, loaded into 0.25-mL straws, and allowed to stand for 15–20 min for equilibration. The straws were then plunged into a −7°C methanol bath of a programmable freezer for 1 min, seeded at −7°C, maintained at −7°C for 15 min, cooled to −30°C at the rate of −0.3°C/min, and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. Recipient animals (43 heifers, 131 cows) included those that did not conceive after being artificially inseminated (AI) 3 to 15 times. The frozen–thawed IVF embryos were directly transferred to the recipient animals 7 days after estrus or AI. Pregnancy rates were analyzed by chi-square test. The results are presented in Table 1. There were no significant differences in the pregnancy rates between treatments. However, a slightly higher pregnancy rate was achieved by embryo transfer after AI. These results suggest that embryo transfer may increase the pregnancy rate in repeat-breeder Holstein cattle. Table 1. Pregnancy rates after transfer of IVF frozen–thawed embryos in repeat-breeder Holstein cattle

241 EFFECT OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN THE LIKELIHOOD OF PREGNANCY OF IN VITRO-DERIVED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
L. F. Feres ◽  
L. S. A. Camargo ◽  
M. P. Palhao ◽  
F. Z. Brandao ◽  
J. H. M. Viana
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Chi Square

Improving in vitro culture systems to optimize embryo yield has been a major research goal. The relationship between the efficiency of embryo production systems and the pregnancy outcomes, however, remain controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the likelihood of pregnancy of in vitro-produced embryos derived from batches with different relative efficiency indexes. Data of 702 ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro embryo production (IVEP) sessions, and of 2456 embryo transfers, recorded from 2008 to 2012, were evaluated. All donors were from the same herd, and were of the same breed (Gir, Bos indicus), as well as the semen used for IVF. The cumulus-oocycte complex (COC) recovery and IVEP were performed by the same team, in a single IVF laboratory, and using standard medium and procedures. Only data from embryos transferred as fresh were used, and records from 97 OPU/IVEP sessions in which no embryo was produced, or embryos were frozen or discharged due to lack of recipients, were discharged. The remaining 605 sessions were stratified in quartiles (I to IV, each one corresponding to 25% of total data) according to COC production of the donors, or stratified in ranges (0–25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, and 76–100%) according to COC quality (percentage of viable COC or of grade I COC) and to embryo production efficiency endpoints (cleavage rate, blastocyst rate). Pregnancy rates were compared among quartiles or ranges by the chi-square method. On average, the Gir donors produced 24.8 ± 0.6 COC per OPU, from which 14.4 ± 0.4 were classified as viable (57.8%), and 3.2 ± 0.1 as grade I (12.9%). On average 6.1 ± 0.2 embryos (morulas and blastocysts) were produced per OPU per donor, and mean pregnancy rate was 30.9%. As expected, donors with greater total COC yield (quartile I) also produced more viable oocytes (25.5 ± 0.7 v. 15.7 ± 0.3, 10.5 ± 0.2 and 5.8 ± 0.2), more COC grade I (4.8 ± 0.4 v. 3.9 ± 0.3, 2.6 ± 0.2 and 1.6 ± 0.1), and more embryos (9.0 ± 0.4 v. 6.9 ± 0.3, 5.0 ± 0.2 and 3.3 ± 0.1) than donors from quartiles II, III, or IV, respectively (P < 0.0001). Nevertheless, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in pregnancy rates for embryos produced from donors ranked in the different quartiles (30.9 v. 29.3, 31.5, and 30.5% for quartiles I to IV, respectively). Similarly, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the pregnancy rate of embryos derived from OPU sessions in which there was a high or low percentage of viable or grade I COC. In vitro production efficiency (cleavage and blastocyst rates) also had no effect (P > 0.05) on further pregnancy rates. In conclusion, these results suggest that there is no relationship among the average number or quality of the COC recovered by OPU, the efficiency of IVEP, and the likelihood of pregnancy of in vitro-derived embryos.Research was supported by Fazendas do Basa, CNPq, and Fapemig.

144 PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING THE TRANSFER OF IN VITRO FERTILIZED EMBRYOS TO RECIPIENTS ON DAY 6, 7, OR 8 AFTER OESTRUS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
R. C. Fry ◽  
K. L. Fry ◽  
H. A. McCartney ◽  
W. R. Geddes ◽  
K. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Embryo Grade

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of day of synchrony on the pregnancy rate of recipients following the transfer of Day 7 IVF embryos. In addition, the effect of IVF embryo grade and corpus luteum (CL) grade of recipients was determined. A total of 317 cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from 24 dry Brahman cows by TVR were matured, fertilized, and cultured under standard in vitro production procedures (Fry et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 446). A total of 89 (44 Grade 1, 43 Grade 2, and 2 Grade 3, IETS classification) in vitro-produced embryos were transferred to parous 4- to 9-year-old dry Brahman cross recipient cattle 7 days after IVF. Two groups of recipient cows were synchronised one day apart with an 8-day CIDR/pg protocol so that oestrous would be concentrated over 3 days with the middle day aligning with the day of IVF (Day 0). Donors that produced a large number of IVF embryos had these divided and transferred into recipients either on Day –1 or Day +1 of synchrony, and those producing less than 4 IVF embryos were transferred into recipients on Day 0. At embryo transfer the ovaries of the recipient were palpated and then scanned by rectal ultrasound and the grade of CL noted (Grade 1 = large distinct CL by palpation, Grade 2 = small distinct CL by palpation, Grade 3 = CL not distinguishable by palpation). Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound scanning on Day 92. Although recipient numbers were low, differences in pregnancy rate between groups were analysed by Chi-squared. Data from the 2 Grade 3 embryos transferred were not included in the analysis (0/2 pregnant). Similar (P > 0.05) pregnancy rates were found when Day 7 IVF embryos were transferred to either Day 6 (17/32 = 53%), Day 7 (9/24 = 38%), or Day 8 (14/31 = 45%) recipients. Furthermore, neither the grade of the embryo (Grade 1: 20/44 = 45%, Grade 2: 20/43 = 47%) nor the grade of recipient CL (Grade 1: 17/45 = 38%, Grade 2: 17/29 = 59%, Grade 3: 6/13 = 46%) effected pregnancy rate (P > 0.05). This experiment demonstrates the flexibility of the IVF embryo to achieve an acceptable pregnancy rate over a range of recipient stages thereby allowing a high usage rate of good-quality recipients in an IVF embryo transfer program.

363 FACTORS INFLUENCING PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF BOVINE IN VIVO EMBRYOS BIOPSIED FOR SEX DETERMINATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
W. Yu ◽  
J. Fu ◽  
Y. Bai ◽  
F. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fresh Embryos

Data collected from commercial embryo transfer programs in 63 farms in China during June 2002 to December 2005 was analyzed to examine the effects of various factors (biopsy, freezing, sample size, embryo development and quality, in vitro culture, and recipient quality) on pregnancy rates of in vivo-biopsied embryos. Embryos were flushed from superovulated dairy cattle and subjected to a biopsy for sexing determination using protocols and sexing kits supplied by AB Technology Ltd. Fresh embryos were implanted on the same day or frozen with AG freeze medium (AB Technology Ltd., Pullman, WA, USA) for later transfer. Recipients were synchronized with CIDA + PG protocols. Embryos were cultured in 6-well dishes containing 1.3 mL of holding medium (AB Technology Ltd.) in each well at room temperature (20–25�C) for examination of embryo survival in vitro. The chi-square test was used in statistic analysis. The implantation of fresh embryos after biopsy did not affect pregnancy rates (49.6%, 257/518) compared to that of non-biopsied fresh and frozen–thawed embryo groups (52.9%, 47/140 and 46.6%, 177/380, respectively). However, for biopsied embryos subjected to frozen and thawed procedures before implantation, particularly for those subjected to the removal of a larger biopsy, a reduced pregnancy rate was observed (41.8%, 297/710; P &lt; 0.01). Pregnancy rates among biopsied embryos at 3 different development stages (morula-early blastocyst, blastocyst, and expanded blastocyst) were not different. Similar results were found between embryo groups of grade 1 and 2. A significant decrease in pregnancy rate (0/10) was observed with embryos held in vitro for a longer period of time (&gt;5 h), suggesting detrimental effects of in vitro conditions on embryo survival. The highest pregnancy rate (68.0%) was observed in recipients synchronized for the first time before being implanted with biopsied embryos. Significant decreases in such rates were found in recipients synchronized for the second or third times or those with an abortion history at the first or second synchronization-implantation treatment (P &lt; 0.01). Better pregnancy rates (45.6%, 41/90; 46.1%, 76/165; and 45.5%, 5/11) were obtained for recipients implanted with biopsied embryos at Days 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 post-heat detection, respectively, compared to 16% at Day 7 (3/18, P &lt; 0.05). It is concluded that mechanical treatment (cutting) does not reduce the survival of biopsied embryos; however, cryopreservation reduces their ability to survive in vivo. The analyses also suggest that holding embryos in vitro should not be longer than 5 h unless more favorable in vitro conditions can be provided. To achieve better results of implantation of biopsied embryos, embryo transfer should be performed during 7.5–8.5 days post-estrus, and the healthy recipients synchronized for the first time should be used.

110 First ovum pickup-in vitro-produced lidia breed calves using Lidia breed recipients: influence of age and state of the recipients and in vitro-produced embryos on pregnancy rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
G. Gamarra Lazo ◽  
D. Di Scala ◽  
S. Maunas ◽  
R. Chaubet ◽  
S. Lacaze
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Single Operator ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

We previously demonstrated the success of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in Lidia breed cattle (Gamarra Lazo et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 30, 187). As in other species, the success of IVP is linked to the birth of calves from this technique. In the Lidia breed, an important factor to consider is the use of Lidia recipients in order to keep the temperament characteristic of this breed to next generations. The aim of the study was to produce ovum pickup (OPU)-IVP calves in the Lidia breed and to assess the effects of recipient and embryo related factors (status of the recipients; development stage of IVF embryos) on pregnancy rate following embryo transfer. Ovum pickup-IVP embryos from Lidia breeds were produced by a standard protocol (Gamarra Lazo et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 30, 187). Numbers of blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were recorded on Day 7. A total of 27 blastocysts (B) and 34 expanded blastocysts (EB) of excellent quality (grade 1 according to IETS classification) were selected for fresh transfer. All embryos were transferred to Lidia breed recipients (heifers or cows) by a single operator under similar environmental and field conditions. Recipients were synchronized by subcutaneous insertion of an ear implant of 3.3mg of Norgestomet (Crestar®, MSD, Courbevoie, France) for 9 days. Two days before implant withdrawal, 0.5mg of Cloprostenol (Estrumate®, MSD) was injected. No oestrous detection was performed and synchronized females were selected as recipients when they presented a well developed corpus luteum at Day 9 after implant withdrawal (Day 6 to 7 after the expected oestrus). Blood samples were collected from recipients to determine pregnancy status using the bovine pregnancy associated glycoprotein (Idexx, Westbrook, ME, USA) 50-60 days after transfer. Pregnancy rates were analysed by chi-square analysis to compare results between heifers and cows and between B and EB embryo stages. The overall pregnancy rate after transfer of IVP fresh embryos from Lidia breed averaged 41.0% (n=25). A higher pregnancy rate was achieved in cows compared to heifers [51.2% (21/41) v. 20.0% (4/20) respectively, P&lt;0.05]. There was no difference in pregnancy rate between grade 1B [37% (10/27)] and EB [44.1% (15/34)] embryos (P&gt;0.05). Surprisingly, these results suggest that Lidia breed cows are the best recipients for OPU-IVP embryos. This may be related to the limited feasibility of manipulating the uterine horn during the embryo transfer in Lidia breed heifers, which have a low weight (less than 280kg) and present a narrow rectum diameter. It has been also observed that the cervix is very thin and difficult to cross, thus increasing the stress and potentially inflammatory and immune products secretion. Development stage of embryos did not affect pregnancy rate. To our knowledge, no OPU-IVP Lidia breed calves have been reported previously following transfer into Lidia breed recipients. In the current work, 13 OPU-IVP Lidia breed calves were born. Therefore, we confirmed the possibility of applying OPU-IVP and embryo transfer techniques in this breed within a genetic program.

100 FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY RATES IN THE TRANSFER OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE EMBRYOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
T. Nishisouzu ◽  
A. Abe ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
O. Dochi ◽  
K. Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Increased Activity

Despite the rapid expansion of in vitro embryo production (IVP) technology for genetic improvement in the cattle industry in the last decades, pregnancy rates by the transfer of IVP embryos are still lower than those derived from in vivo-produced embryos. The objective of this study was to analyse factors affecting pregnancy rates after the transfer of IVP Japanese Black cattle embryos under farm conditions. Holstein heifers (n = 4,475) and cows (n = 8,541) were selected as recipients. Most cows (80%) were managed in tie-stall barns and most heifers (80%) were managed in pens. Embryo transfers were performed for 9 years, from 2004 to 2012. The embryos were produced from oocytes derived from a local abattoir and semen from 14 proven bulls by the Livestock Improvement Association of Japan (Hamano and Kuwayama 1993 Theriogelogy 39, 703–712). The fresh IVP embryos (quality; IETS code 1) that reached the blastocyst stage after 7 to 8 days (insemination = Day 0) were transported by an airplane (2 h) and subsequently by a car (1.5 h). Embryos were non-surgically transferred to each recipient on Day 7 to 9 of their natural oestrous cycle on farms. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 40 to 60 after oestrus. Pregnancy results were statistically analysed using the GLM procedures of SAS. The following variables were included in the model: recipient parity (0, 1, 2, or 3), day (7, 8, or 9) of the oestrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer, oestrus behaviour (increased activity observed by farmers), presence of mucus at oestrus, presence of blood after oestrus, and year (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9) and season (April–June as spring, July–September as summer, October–December as fall, or January–March as winter) of embryo transfer. The Bonferroni correction was used to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons. Heifers had significantly higher pregnancy rates than cows (51.0% v. 37.9%, respectively; P < 0.01), and first parity cows had higher pregnancy rates than third parity cows (42.9% v. 35.7%, respectively; P < 0.01). Pregnancy rates were significantly higher in recipients that received an embryo transfer on Day 8 of their oestrous cycle, than on Day 7 (46.6% v. 42.4%, respectively; P < 0.01). Recipients without oestrus behaviour had higher pregnancy rates than those with oestrus behaviour (46.3% v. 43.4%, respectively; P < 0.01). The presence of mucus and/or blood after oestrus and the season of transfer were not found to significantly affect pregnancy rates. The results of this study indicated that performing IVP embryo transfers on Day 8 of a recipient’s oestrous cycle will improve the pregnancy rate, season does not have an effect on pregnancy rate, and the detection of oestrus by monitoring increased activity is not always reliable and instead should be determined by multiple symptoms on farm conditions.

scholarly journals 168FACTORS AFFECTING ON EMBRYO TRANSFER PREGNANCY RATES OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aoki ◽  
S. Murano ◽  
M. Miyamura ◽  
S. Hamano ◽  
Y. Terawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frozen Embryos ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting the pregnancy rates after transfer of IVF-derived Japanese Black embryos. Holstein cows and heifers (n=7250) were selected as recipients, and embryo transfers were performed for 3yr (between 1998 and 2000). The IVM-IVF procedure was performed according to a method previously described (Hamano S and Kuwayama M 1993 Theriogenology 39, 703–712). IVF-derived embryos that developed into expanded blastocysts (grade 1, manual of IETS) after 7 to 8 days (insemination=Day 0) were used for this study. Some of these embryos were frozen in TCM-199 supplemented with 1.4M glycerol, 20% calf serum, and 0.25M sucrose. The embryos were seeded at −6°C, held at −6°C for 10min, and then cooled to −25°C at a rate of 0.33°Cmin−1. Frozen embryos were thawed in a 30 to 35°C water bath after 10s of air thawing. Fresh (n=3952) or frozen-thawed (n=3298) embryos were nonsurgically transferred to recipients on Days 6 to 9 of the estrous cycle. Data collected at the time of embryo transfer included recipient parity (cow or heifer), whether recipient estrus was natural or synchronized with PGF2α, cloprostenol or CIDR, methods of estrous confirmation (showing standing heat, rectal palpation of ovary without standing heat, or showing only mucous vulvular discharge), number of examinations of the CL by palpation per rectum (twice on the day before embryo transfer and the day of embryo transfer, or once on the day of embryo transfer), type of embryos (fresh or frozen), and day of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer. CATMOD procedures of SAS were used to determine the factors affecting the pregnancy rate. Overall pregnancy rates were 37.3% (n=2704). Whether recipient estrus was natural or synchronized and the type of embryos did not influence the pregnancy rates. Heifers had significantly higher pregnancy rates than cows (44.0% v. 33.0%, respectively, P&lt;0.05). Pregnancy rates among the subset of heifers and cows showing standing heat were significantly higher than those showing only mucous vulvular discharge (39.5% v. 33.5%, respectively, P&lt;0.05). Examining the CL twive had a significantly higher pregnancy rate than did a single examination of the CL (41.1% v. 35.6%, respectively, P&lt;0.05). Pregnancy rate on Day 8 (38.4%, 1358/3533) of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer was significantly higher than on Days 6 (27.7%, 23/83) and 7 (36.2%, 1235/3408) (P&lt;0.05), and the pregnancy rate on Day 6 of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer tended to be lower than on Day 9 (38.9%, 88/226) (P&lt;0.08). These results demonstrate that confirming standing heat, performing CL examination twice before embryo transfer, freezing high quality embryos, and performing embryo transfers on Day 8 resulted in an improved pregnancy rate for the transfer of IVF-derived embryos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Role of Hysteroscopic Endometrial Injury and Its Timing Prior to in vitro Fertilization Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Gopinathan ◽  
Avani Pillai ◽  
G Parasuram ◽  
Fessy L Thalakottoor
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Endometrial Injury ◽  
Group I

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury and its timing prior to embryo transfer in patients undergoing IVF (in vitro fertilization) treatment. Materials and methods A total of 133 patients who underwent hysteroscopy at CIMAR Fertility Centre at Kochi, between January 2013 and December 2014, and had normal hysteroscopic findings were enrolled for the study. These women subsequently underwent IVF treatment and were evaluated in three groups based on the timing of hysteroscopy before embryo transfer: Group I – hysteroscopy performed 50 days or less before embryo transfer (n = 54), group II – hysteroscopy performed between 51 days and 6 months of embryo transfer (n = 45), and group III – hysteroscopy performed more than 6 months before embryo transfer (n = 34). Results The implantation rates were 21.8, 22.6, and 21.6% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Overall pregnancy rates were 44.4, 48.9, and 44.1%. Clinical pregnancy rates (CPR) were 40.7, 46.7, and 44.1% and live birth rates (LBR) were 30, 29, and 26% in groups I, II, and III respectively. Thus the implantation rate, overall pregnancy rate, and CPR were not significantly different in the three groups. Conclusion Hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to IVF does not improve the pregnancy rate in patients with normal hysteroscopic findings. Clinical significance Due to the lack of definitive evidence regarding the role of hysteroscopic endometrial injury, ideal technique, and its timing prior to embryo transfer, it is necessary to evaluate the role of endometrial injury as a fertility treatment in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, as well as to present it in a way that supports clinical practice. At this stage, there is little evidence to support hysteroscopic endometrial injury prior to embryo transfer as a standard of care, and its use should be limited to selected cases after careful deliberation between the medical team and patient. How to cite this article Pillai A, Parasuram G, Thalakottoor FL, Gopinathan KK. Evaluation of the Role of Hysteroscopic Endometrial Injury and Its Timing Prior to in vitro Fertilization Treatment. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(2):52-57.

scholarly journals Is Endometrial Thickness on the Day of ET Really Predictive of IVF Outcome?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Srinivas ◽  
Kamini Rao ◽  
Richa Sharma ◽  
Theodre Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Ivf Outcome ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

ABSTRACT Background The effect of endometrial thickness on pregnancy rates in assisted reproductive technology (ART) patients has been evaluated by many authors, with controversial results. Endometrial thickness has been utilized as an indirect indicator for endometrial receptivity. Objective To evaluate relationship between endometrial thickness on day of embryo transfer and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. Should we cancel cycles based on endometrial thickness only? Material and methods A prospective analysis was conducted at Dr Kamini Rao Hospital, Bangaluru, of 239 patients. Various parameters were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant patients to see whether there is any cut-off for endometrial thickness on day of embryo transfer by which we can predict good prognosis in form of pregnancy and what effect other variables on endometrial thickness and pregnancy respectively and should we cancel embryo transfer, if endometrial thickness is not within certain range? Results In the study population, 174 (73%) had primary and 65 (27%) had secondary infertility, Ovarian stimulation was performed with long protocol in 37% cases, antagonist protocol in 47% and other protocols like microflare, short, ultralong, ultrashort in 15%. Mean age of patients was 31.04 ± 3.79 years. Among causes of infertility male factor was present in 39%, tubal factor was seen in 18%, unexplained were 13%, polycystic ovarian syndrome in 11%, poor ovarian reserve in 4.1% and mixed causes in 13%. Majority of our patients were in normal and overweight as per body mass index (BMI). ET were easy in 90% of cases and 14 (5.8%) ETs were cancelled. The reason for cancellation was ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in 9 cases, fluid in cavity in 2 cases, one patient had hyperpyrexia on day of ET and 2 cases of failed fertilization. Endometrial thickness was >10 mm in 35% cases. Overall clinical pregnancy rate was 39% with implantation rate of 21%, fertilization rate of 92% and cleavage rate of 95% and live birth rate of 26%. There were more follicles, oocytes and embryos, the endometrium was >10 mm and embryo quality was higher among women who became pregnant when compared with nonpregnant women after assisted reproduction though not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The pregnancy rate improved as endometrial thickness increased showing a linear association. Conclusion Increased endometrial thickness is associated with higher pregnancy rates, but as such a cut off cannot be decided. In our study we have seen pregnancies at both thin and thick endometrium so we should not cancel ET merely on the basis of endometrial thickness as pregnancy is affected by multiple variables and not by endometrial thickness alone. How to cite this article Sharma R, Rao K, Srinivas MS, Jones T. Is Endometrial Thickness on the Day of ET Really Predictive of IVF Outcome? Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(2): 40-47.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document