Estimating the copy number of the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene in goat breeds with different color patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 104440
Author(s):  
Dailu Guan ◽  
Anna Castelló ◽  
María Gracia Luigi-Sierra ◽  
Vincenzo Landi ◽  
Juan Vicente Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Different Color

scholarly journals Molecular barcoding of marine ornamental fish from the southern coast of West Java validates conventional identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Agus Nuryanto ◽  
Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto ◽  
Dian Bhagawati
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Monophyletic Branch

Conventional identification of marine ornamental fish has faced difficulties due to similar color patterns of closed related species, or juvenile individuals have different color patterns from adult individuals. Molecular barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene provides a reliable tool for unmasking such difficulties. This study aimed to barcode marine ornamental fish from the southern coast of West Java. Fragment of the COI gene was sequenced from 54 morphotypes. In this study, we determined the taxonomic status of the samples based on a 5% genetic divergence, with the parameter including sequence percent identity, genetic distance, and length of monophyletic branch in a phylogenetic tree. The result showed that most samples had a high percentage of sequence identities, low genetic distances, and short chapters in monophyletic clades, but the remaining were not. Those data indicated that most samples could be identified at species-level without doubt and support conventional identification. Barcoding success is also depending on the availability of conspecific sequences in the databases. This study concluded that molecular barcoding could strengthen and validate traditional identification.

Copy Number Variation of Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) Fragment and its Relationship with Coat Color in Indonesian Goat Breeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhendra Pakpahan ◽  
Rini Widayanti ◽  
Wayan Tunas Artama ◽  
I. Gede Suparta Budisatria
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Number Variation

scholarly journals Sexual selection on color and behavior within and between cichlid populations: Implications for speciation

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pauers ◽  
Jeffrey S. Mckinnon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Male Behavior ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Different Color

Abstract Sexual selection is widely viewed as playing a central role in haplochromine cichlid speciation. Hypothetically, once divergent mate preferences evolve among populations of these fishes, reproductive isolation follows and the populations begin to behave as different species. Various studies have examined patterns of assortative mating among species and sometimes populations, but few have examined variation in directional preferences, especially among populations of the same species. We investigated mate choice behavior in two populations of Labeotropheus fuelleborni, a Lake Malawi endemic. We test whether mating preferences between populations are based on the same traits and in the same direction as preferences within populations. We examine the potential contributions of two classes of trait, color patterns and behaviors, to reproductive isolation. When females chose between either two males of their own population, or two from another, female preferences were generally similar (for the female population) across the two contexts. Mate choice patterns differed between (female) populations for a measure of color, but only modestly for male behavior. In a separate experiment we simultaneously offered females a male of their own population and a male from a different population. In these trials, females consistently preferred males from their own population, which were also the males that displayed more frequently than their opponents, but not necessarily those with color traits suggested to be most attractive in the previous experiment. Thus directional preferences for chroma and related aspects of color may be important when females are presented with males of otherwise similar phenotypes, but may play little role in mediating assortative mating among populations with substantially different color patterns. A preference for male behavior could play some role in speciation if males preferentially court same-population females, as we have observed for the populations studied herein.

New morphological information on Simulium cerradense adults and new records of black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the western region of Bahia state, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
SÉRGIO L.B. LUZ ◽  
SIXTO COSCARÓN
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Different Color

S. cerradense Coscar n, Cerqueira, Sato & La Salvia (1992) was described based on pharate females and males, and pupae and larvae. Reared adults from the type locality region have different color patterns than those in the original description. The objectives of the present study are to redescribe the scutal color pattern of S. cerradense adults and to provide a list of black fly species collected in streams in the western region of Bahia state, where this fauna is poorly known.

scholarly journals apterous A specifies dorsal wing patterns and sexual traits in butterflies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Prakash ◽  
Antónia Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Bicyclus Anynana ◽  
Sexual Ornaments ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Different Color

AbstractButterflies have evolved different color patterns on their dorsal and ventral wing surfaces to serve different signaling functions, yet the developmental mechanisms controlling surface-specific patterning are still unknown. Here, we mutate both copies of the transcription factor apterous in Bicyclus anynana butterflies using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that apterous A functions both as a repressor and modifier of ventral wing color patterns, as well as a promoter of dorsal sexual ornaments in males. We propose that the surface-specific diversification of wing patterns in butterflies proceeded via the co-option of apterous A into various gene regulatory networks involved in the differentiation of discrete wing traits. Further, interactions between apterous and sex-specific factors such as doublesex may have contributed to the origin of sexually dimorphic surface-specific patterns. Finally, we discuss the evolution of eyespot pattern diversity in the family Nymphalidae within the context of developmental constraints due to apterous regulation.Significance statementButterflies have evolved different wing patterns on their dorsal and ventral wing surfaces that serve different signaling functions. We identify the transcription factor, apterous A, as a key regulator of this surface-specific differentiation in butterflies. We also show a role for apterous A in restricting the developmental origin of a novel trait, eyespots, to just the ventral wing surface. Dorsal-ventral differentiation of tissues is not just restricted to butterfly wings but occurs in many other organs and organisms from arthropods to humans. Thus, we believe that our work will be of interest to a diverse group of biologists and layman alike interested in the role of development in shaping biodiversity.

Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anthocyanin Regulatory Networks in Malus Domestica Borkh. Peel with Different Color Patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengwei Duan ◽  
Xiaojian Ma ◽  
Lizhe Qin ◽  
Jizhuang Du ◽  
Guoliang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Bhlh Genes ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Apple Peels

Abstract Background:Coloring is an important external quality of ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and there are two color patterns of apple peels, i.e., stripe and blush. The objectives of this study were to reveal the anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathway in striped and blushed peels of Malus domestica using metabolomics and transcriptomics, to identify different anthocyanin metabolites, and to analyze the differentially expressed genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Result:The metabolite concentration and gene expression were profiled in the striped and blushed fruit peels of apple harvested at three ripening periods to elucidate the color formation mechanism. At the green fruit period, there were 83 DAMs,including 30 flavonoids, 674 DEGs (521 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated),including 3 MYB related genes (up-regulated, LOC103415449, LOC103421948, LOC103432338) and 2 bHLH genes(up-regulated, LOC103436250, LOC103437863) between striped and blushed apple.At the color turning period, there were 48 DAMs,including 20 flavonoids, 880 DEGs (274 up-regulated and 606 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3H genes (down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed BZ1 gene (down-regulated) and 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated) and 2 up-regulated MYB related genes (LOC103411576, LOC103412495), 5 down-regulated MYB related genes(LOC103400953, LOC103408672, LOC103415404, LOC103420697, LOC103421948), 1 differentially expressed bHLH gene(down-regulated, LOC103400870). At the complete coloring period，there were 95 DAMs,including 34 flavonoids, 2258 DEGs (1159 up- and 1099 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP98A genes (up-regulated), 4 differentially expressed CHS genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed E5.5.1.6 genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP75B1 genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3R genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated), 1 differentially expressed DFR genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed BZ1 genes (up-regulated) and 1 differentially expressed MYB related gene (up-regulated, LOC103401575) .There were both 10 kinds of cyanidin in apple peel at color turning period and complete coloring period, Keracyanin and Cyanin were up-regulated at color turning period and Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucoside was up-regulated at complete coloring period.Conclusions: Our researches provide important information on the anthocyanin metabolites and the candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways of Fuji apple in M.domestcia.

Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) and P. klugii Burmeister: a comparative study of the genital morphology of two polychromatic Pachycorinae (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4531 (3) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
LUÍS RICARDO SCHMITZ ◽  
ALINE BARCELLOS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central America ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Different Color ◽  
First Time

Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) and P. klugii Burmeister are two widespread, colorful and well known neotropical Pachycorinae, with partial sympatry in southern Mexico and Central America. Both species are polychromatic, which is why they each present a long list of synonyms. However, with exception of papers describing their different color morphs, there are surprisingly few works dealing with the morphology and taxonomy of these species. This paper details for the first time the genitalia of both sexes and both species. Although some color patterns are almost identical between these species, P. klugii and P. torridus can be perfectly distinguished with basis on their internal and external genitalia. 

Copy Number Variation and Missense Mutations of the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) Gene in Goat Breeds with Different Coat Colors

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fontanesi ◽  
F. Beretti ◽  
V. Riggio ◽  
E. Gómez González ◽  
S. Dall’Olio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
I Gene

scholarly journals More than mimicry? Evaluating scope for flicker-fusion as a defensive strategy in coral snake mimics

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia C. Titcomb ◽  
David W. Kikuchi ◽  
David W. Pfennig
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Coral Snake ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Warning Coloration ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Blurring Effect ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Abstract Coral snakes and their mimics often have brightly colored banded patterns, generally associated with warning coloration or mimicry. However, such color patterns have also been hypothesized to aid snakes in escaping predators through a “flicker-fusion” effect. According to this hypothesis, banded color patterns confuse potential predators when a snake transitions from resting to moving because its bands blur together to form a different color. To produce this motion blur, a moving snake’s bands must transition faster than the critical flicker-fusion rate at which a predator’s photoreceptors can refresh. It is unknown if coral snakes or their mimics meet this requirement. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the movement speed and color patterns of two coral snake mimics, Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli and L. elapsoides, and comparing the frequency of color transitions to the photoreceptor activity of the avian eye. We found that snakes often produced a motion blur, but moving snakes created a blurring effect more often in darker conditions, such as sunrise, sunset, and nighttime when these snakes are often active. Thus, at least two species of coral snake mimics are capable of achieving flicker-fiision, indicating that their color patterns may confer an additional defense aside from mimicry.

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