Effect of various stress ratio parameters on cold upset forging of irregular shaped billets using graphite as lubricant under plane and triaxial stress state conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Baskaran ◽  
R. Narayanasamy
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Narayanasamy ◽  
V. Senthilkumar ◽  
K. S. Pandey

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the hot forging features in the high-strength sintered Powder Metallurgy TiC composite steel performs under different stress states, namely, plane and triaxial stress. Cylindrical compacts with aspect ratios 0.45, 0.75, and 1.25 were prepared, sintered and forged at the temperatures of 1120°C+10°C. The investigation suggests that the experimentally determined relative density has a straight line relationship with the new geometrical shape factor (ρ0∕ρth)(h0∕hf)(3D02∕(2Db2+Dc2)). The measured barrel radius of curvature is found to have a circular arc because the above relation is a straight line one. Relationship is established between the measured barrel radius and the stress ratio parameters namely (σθ∕σz), (σz∕σm) and (σeff∕σz) under plane stress and triaxial stress state conditions. An attempt is also made to establish a relationship between the various stress ratio parameters namely (σθ∕σz), (σz∕σm), and (σeff∕σz) under plane stress and triaxial stress state conditions and the relative density.


2003 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Agarwal ◽  
A.M Gokhale ◽  
S Graham ◽  
M.F Horstemeyer

Author(s):  
V Senthilkumar ◽  
R Narayanasamy

This paper evaluates some of the cold-forging features of composite steel preforms of varying titanium carbide contents during cold upsetting under triaxial stress state conditions. A complete experimental investigation is carried out on composite steel preforms of varying titanium carbide contents, namely, 3%TiC and 4%TiC with different lubricating conditions; namely, graphite and zinc stearate and no lubrication. Cylindrical compacts with aspect ratios of 0.42, 0.67, and 1.0 were prepared, sintered, and upset forged at room temperature. The measured barrel radius of curvature is found to have a circular arc because the above relationship is a straight-line one. A relationship is established between the measured barrel radius and the stress ratio parameters of (σθ/σz), (σz/σm), and (σeff/σz) determined under triaxial stress state conditions for both composite steels of varying titanium carbide content. The effect of titanium carbide particle addition in the composite steel, initial preform geometry, and lubricating conditions on the deformation behaviour has been studied, together with the densification route of the composite steel preforms during the deformation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Karev ◽  
D. M. Klimov ◽  
Yu. F. Kovalenko ◽  
K. B. Ustinov

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. W13-W33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg V. Herwanger ◽  
Steve A. Horne

Seismic technology has been used successfully to detect geomechanically induced signals in repeated seismic experiments from more than a dozen fields. To explain geomechanically induced time-lapse (4D) seismic signals, we use results from coupled reservoir and geomechanical modeling. The coupled simulation yields the 3D distribution, over time, of subsurface deformation and triaxial stress state in the reservoir and the surrounding rock. Predicted changes in triaxial stress state are then used to compute changes in anisotropic P- and S-wave velocities employing a stress sensitive rock-physics transform. We predict increasing vertical P-wave velocities inside the reservoir, accompanied by a negative change in P-wave anisotropy [Formula: see text]. Conversely, in the overburden and underburden, we have predicted a slowdown in vertical P-wave velocity and an increase in horizontal velocities. This corresponds to positive change in P-wave anisotropy [Formula: see text]. A stress sensitive rock-physics transform that predicts anisotropic velocity change from triaxial stress change offers an explanation for the apparent difference in stress sensitivity of P-wave velocity between the overburden and the reservoir. In a modeled example, the vertical velocity speedup per unit increase in vertical stress [Formula: see text] is more than twice as large in the overburden as in the reservoir. The difference is caused by the influence of the stress path [Formula: see text] (i.e., the ratio [Formula: see text] between change in minimum horizontal effective stress [Formula: see text] and change in vertical effective stress [Formula: see text]) on vertical velocity. The modeling suggests that time-lapse seismic technology has the potential to become a monitoring tool for stress path, a critical parameter in failure geomechanics.


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