In Orthomolecular Psychiatry; Treatment of Schizophrenia, edited by David Hawkins and Linus Pauling (1973), Beebe and Wendel (pp. 278–302) report a high correlation coefficient of r = 0.99 (which we calculate gives N = 42, p very much lower than 0.001) between whole blood glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This relationship they claim is no longer maintained in schizophrenics with anxiety, r = 0.16 (N = 62, p > 0.1). Erban and Hanzlicek (1966), Hansen (1972) and Hansen and Dimitrakoudi (1974) have suggested a possible significance of whole blood ATP in psychoses, and Naylor, Dick, Dick, Le Poidevin and Whyte (1973) have implicated red cell Na/K ATPases. The mechanisms involved in controlling blood ATP seemed therefore worthy of study especially if they are so dependent on glucose.
Fabrication methods for a gel-based separation-free device for whole blood glucose detection